乡村地域多体系统识别方法及应用研究

乡村与城市相互依赖、相互补充,共同构成了城乡人地关系地域系统。针对我国目前城乡发展面临的诸多挑战,着眼于乡村振兴战略需求和地理学服务国家战略的需要,亟需构建乡村多体系统的识别方法体系,加快城乡基础网、乡村发展区、村镇空间场、乡村振兴极等多级目标体系建设。本文依托城乡融合系统和乡村地域系统理论,尝试构建城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体、居业协同体乡村地域多体系统的识别方法体系。其中,城乡融合系统指标体系涵盖经济发展、社会发展、环境发展、基础设施4个方面,乡村地域系统指标体系涵盖人口、社会、经济、资源、环境5个子系统。进一步通过均方差决策法、多目标加权求和模型、耦合协调模型等研究方法,识别出城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体和居业协同体。以宁夏盐池县为案例区,实证研究表明,分析结果基本能反映不同乡镇、行政村的发展特征和定位。区别于以往研究侧重城镇体系等级结构,本研究提供了乡村地域系统内部等级差异的识别方法,对县域乡村振兴规划实践具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。

Research on identification method and application of rural regional multi-body system

Cities and villages are interdependent and complementary, both of which constitute the urban-rural man-earth regional system. However, the urban-rural development in China has faced various challenges. Aiming at the national strategy of rural revitalization, we think it necessary to construct rural regional multi-body system including urban-rural integration, rural complex, village-town organism, and housing-industry symbiosis and rural multi-level goal system including urban-rural infrastructure networks, zones of rural development, fields of village-town space and poles of rural revitalization. This study proposed an identification method of rural regional multi-body system, based on the theory of urban-rural integration system and rural regional system. The index system of urban-rural integration system included four dimensions of economic, social, environmental, and infrastructural development, and the index system of rural regional system included five sub-systems of population, society, economy, resource, and environment. Then, based on means square deviation method, multi-objective weighted sum model, and coupling coordination model, the rural multi-body system including urban-rural integration, rural complex, village-town organism, and housing-industry symbiosis can be identified. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia as a case study, we applied our proposed identification method. It was found that compared with other regions of Ningxia, the overall urban-rural integration level of Yanchi County was relatively high, but its urban-rural integration level in the aspects of social and infrastructure development was relatively low. Meanwhile, the area of Yanchi County can be divided into different rural development regions, i.e. agricultural region, industrial region, commercial region, and ecological region. In addition, the towns and villages with high rural regional comprehensive development level and housing-industry coordination level were identified as village-town organism and housing-industry symbiosis, respectively. The empirical results showed that the analysis can basically reflect the development characteristics and orientation of different towns and villages. Different from previous research focusing on the hierarchical structure of urban system, this study provides a method to analyze the hierarchical differences within the rural regional system, which has certain reference value to guide the rural revitalization practices at the county level.