东北地区城际高铁网络格局特征与演变趋势

构建城际高铁联系强度模型并结合社会网络分析探讨东北地区高铁网络格局特征与演变趋势,研究结果表明：① 东北地区高铁网络整体关联性相对紧密,小世界效应显著,但仍处于弱连接状态,涵盖长春-四平-沈阳-铁岭-抚顺、大连-辽阳-鞍山-营口-盘锦、松原-白城-乌兰浩特子群,吉林-延吉、齐齐哈尔-大庆、丹东-本溪、锦州-葫芦岛关系对,7片区组织格局成型;② 以哈尔滨为分界线的东南部比西北部的高铁通达联系密切,高铁要素集散呈“一核心、三边缘”格局特征,长春为东北高铁中介运输轴点;③ 辽、吉省内高铁联系紧密,黑、蒙东松散,辽宁省呈沈阳-大连一轴、沈阳-锦州与沈阳-丹东两翼格局,吉林省呈长春-吉林-四平与长春-吉林-延吉三角交叉状格局,黑龙江省呈哈尔滨-大庆-齐齐哈尔轴线状格局,蒙东区呈乌兰浩特孤立化格局;④ 东北地区高铁的运营加快了哈大齐、哈长与长吉图一体化进程,有助于构建辽中南内部哈大、沈丹与丹大高铁三角骨架,同时应依托7片区与4大中俄朝韩主通道搭建东北内外、海陆统筹的铁路网络架构。

Pattern Characteristics and Evolution Trend of Intercity High-speed Rail Network in Northeast China

This paper studied the spatial structure, pattern, characteristics and evolution trend of high-speed railway (HSR) network in Northeast China. The paper first measured intercity HSR connection intensity of Northeast China. Then by analyzing the network density, the small world effect, the cohesive subgroups, and three kinds of centralities using the network analysis software—University of California at Irvine Network (UCINET), this paper displayed the structure and characteristics of HSR network in Northeast China. Finally, the geographic information system (GIS) was used to simulate the pattern of the intercity HSR connection intensity and three kinds of centralities in Northeast China to reveal the characteristics and the differentiation of their spatial distribution. The results are as following: First, the HSR network of Northeast China is closely organized. And the small world effect of Northeast China’s HSR network is strong. However, HSR cities are still in a weak connection in the Northeast China’s HSR network. ‘Three HSR subgroups’, i.e., Changchun-Siping-Shenyang-Tieling-Fushun, Dalian-Liaoyang-Anshan-Yingkou-Panjin, Songyuan-Baicheng-Ulanhot, and ‘four HSR pairs’, i.e., Jilin-Yanji, Qiqihar-Daqing, Dandong-Benxi, Jinzhou-Huludao have emerged in the Northeast China’s HSR network and HSR ‘seven organization patterns’ have been formed. Second, HSR accessibility of the cities located at the southeast side with Harbin as its dividing line is higher than that of the cities on the northwest side with Harbin as its dividing line in Northeast China. HSR elements have developed into a ‘one core and three edges’ pattern. Changchun is the regional important HSR accessibility intermediary city. Third, connection intensity of different provinces and regions differs greatly as such: Liaoning>Jilin>Heilongjiang>East Inner Mongolia. Spatially, the HSR connection intensity of Liaoning province shows a “one shaft, two wings” spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of Jilin Province shows a ‘cross triangle’ spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of Heilongjiang Province shows a ‘shaft’ spatial pattern. The HSR connection intensity of East Inner Mongolia shows an “isolation” spatial pattern. Finally, the opening of HSRs in Northeast China accelerates the integration process of Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar, Harbin-Changchun and Changchun-Jilin-Tumenjiang. It can also boost the growth and development of the HSR triangle skeleton in Liaozhongnan City Groups with Harbin-Dalian HSR, Shenyang-Dandong HSR and Dandong-Dalian HSR. The Northeast China’s HSR network mode will develop into the mode of ‘internal and external co-ordination, land and sea co-ordination’.