飞地经济的空间生产与治理结构——基于国家空间重构视角

飞地经济伴随着2000年以来的区域化过程而兴起。当前研究多关注微观机制和模式,而对宏观结构性因素缺乏更为细致的探讨。论文基于国家空间重构理论,分析了飞地经济如何在国家空间重构中被生产出来,同时在复杂的尺度和领域间关系中形成何种治理结构。研究表明,在资本过度积累的危机和再领域化的驱动下,飞地经济产生于地方制度试验,并因与国家空间选择性的演变趋势相一致而被纳入国家空间策略,以培育区域竞争力和协调区域间关系。其治理结构因涉及复杂的领域间、尺度间和政府-市场关系而存在一定内在矛盾。因此,飞地经济应被视为国家空间重构中的一种特殊试验手段,主要发挥“引导”作用,并同其他空间或非空间政策相衔接。

The production and governance structure of enclave economy: From the perspective of state spatial restructuring

The state space has undergone significant transformations in China since 2000, changing from urban entrepreneurialism to regionalization. In this context, enclave economy is emerging and developing in various regions, and has been studied by researchers in a range of fields. However, most of the existing studies focus on the microscopic mechanisms and modes, without more detailed analyses of the macroscopic and structural factors behind this phenomenon. Apparently, this approach is problematic because enclave economy is not only a grassroots strategy, but also an integral part of the spatial strategies at the national scale in recent years. Therefore, based on the theories of state spatial restructuring, this article analyzes how enclave economy is produced and what governance structures are formed in this process. It suggests that enclave economy is driven by the crisis of capital accumulation and the tendency of reterritorialization. In this context, it originates from bottom-up institutional experiments, and then becomes a flexible yet inadequate strategy of regionalization. Following this, due to the consistency between enclave economy and the evolution of state spatial selectivity, it is then integrated into China's state spatial strategies that focus on the competitiveness of city-regions. Moreover, the governance structure of enclave economy includes inter-scalar, inter-territorial, and government-market relations, which are contingent, complex, and relatively fragile. In sum, this practice should be viewed as an emerging experiment in the state spatial restructuring, whose effects and consequences remain to be seen.