山东中低山丘陵古冰川遗迹质疑

近年来,有关山东中低山丘陵“古冰川遗迹”时有报道,使中国东部第四纪冰川问题在某种意义上再起纷争。为作澄清,通过实地考察对业已报道的“古冰川遗迹”进行质疑,指出其列举的“冰碛垄”“古冰斗”“擦痕”“颤痕”等不符合冰川地貌证据的专有属性和判别标准,冰期划分和雪线重建不符合科学发现与科学事实确证所需的充分条件,即不满足“将古论今”、地貌组合三要素系统配套、成因-环境一致性的判别原则和方法。因此认为,山东中低山丘陵不存在第四纪冰川遗迹。部分学者提出“低海拔型古冰川”的论断,是基于例外主义的泛冰川论,必然会引致“雪球地球”事件进而颠覆第四纪为灵生纪的科学基础。

Question the So-called Glacial Landforms in the Middle and Low Massifs in Shandong Province,Eastern China

A contention about whether extensive Quaternary glaciation exited or not in middle and low mountainous areas in Eastern China (east of 105°E) has been lasting for about a century, and many scholars in Chinese and overseas contributed their knowledge to it and published many results in print. With the development of glacial geomorphology, sedimentology, archaeology, the Quaternary science discipline has made significant progress, the wrong idea about extensive glaciation in middle and low mountainous areas in Eastern China has been denied and systematically corrected in the 1980s. There are undisputed glacial landforms that formed in the last glacial cycle well preserved in Mt. Helan, Mt. Taibai, Mt. Changbai and high alpine in Taiwan in Eastern China. However, the mortar shape landforms, diamictons, and rock or bedrock with striations were taken as evidence of glaciation since the 1990s. In the past two decades, many so-called new glacial evidence has been reported in the middle and low massifs. Are they real glacial landforms? Fieldwork and comprehensive analysis indicate that the so-called glacial vestiges in Mt. Meng, Shandong Province, were not glacial landforms, because the speculative timing and snowline (or equilibrium-line altitude) from these questionable landforms are conflicted with the surrounding environmental variation. The new so-called discovery and facts are not necessary and sufficient conditions to prove the existence of glaciers in the middle and low massifs of Shandong Province. The characteristics of the so-called moraines, palaeo-cirques, stratifications, and chatter mark also not agree with the standard identification of them. Many strange names and classifications that have been used in their studies are also not systematical and specific. The speculated low elevation palaeo-glaciers and intrusive alien snowline could not be used to illuminate their assumed glacial theory. In a word, the low elevation glaciation is not a correct hypothesis. There are no glaciations in middle and low massifs in Shandong Province during the whole Quaternary.