中国地貌区划理论与分区体系研究

区划和类型是地貌学研究的两大核心内容。中国地貌区划已有诸多划分方案,比较而言,各种方案存在遴选指标不一、确定等级较少、反映特征各异、划分结果不同、成图尺度较小等不足。应中国地理国情普查等国家专项任务的需求,对较大尺度、多级地貌区划研究提出了新的要求。在梳理中国地貌区划的理论,包括板块构造与地貌圈特征、地貌形态与内外营力体系、地貌形态的类型组合与区域分异的基础上,基于2013年提出的中国地貌二级区划的新方案,归纳了全国多级地貌区划分的原则,提出了基于"大区—地区—区—亚区—小区"的全国五级地貌等级分区方案,建立了"大地构造控制下的地势阶梯特征—>区域宏观形态类型组合—>内外营力及基本形态类型组合—>区域内形态类型组合—>区域微地貌形态组合"的五级地貌分区指标体系,提出了五级地貌区划体系的命名规则和编码方式,构建了基于多源数据进行多级地貌区划单元精确定位的技术与方法,完成了全国1∶25万尺度五级地貌区的划分,包括6个一级大区、36个二级地区、136个三级区、331个四级亚区、1500多个五级小区,并建立了全国地貌区划数据库。该研究对于促进中国区域地貌学的发展、基于地貌区划的应用研究等具有重要的指导意义。

Geomorphological regionalization theory system and division methodology of China

Geomorphological regionalization and geomorphological types are the two core contents of geomorphologic research. Despite that there are many research achievements on the study of geomorphological regionalization, defects still exist such as the inconsistence of landform indicators, the small quantity of division grades, the disparity of geomorphological characteristics, the difference of mapping results and the small scale of zoning maps. New requirements for the national geomorphological regionalization therefore should be proposed at the request of national geo-information surveying and other national specific projects. On the basis of combing the theories of geomorphological regionalization in China including plate tectonics and crustal features, geomorphological features from endogenic and exogenic forces, and differences and regional differentiations of geomorphological types, a new research program of China's geomorphological regionalization with five grades, that is, major region, sub-major region, region, sub-region and small region, was proposed based on the previous geomorphological regionalization proposed in 2013 which divided the whole China into 6 major geomorphological regions and 37 districts. The major contents of the new geomorphological regionalization program can be summarized as follows: (1) principles of the national multi-grades geomorphological regionalization were established, (2) hierarchical indicator systems of the geomorphological regionalization (i.e. characteristics of the terrain ladder under the control of tectonic setting, combinations of regional macro-form types, combinations of endogenic and exogenic force and basic types of morphology, combinations of regional morphological types, combinations of regional micro-morphological types) were constructed, (3) naming rules and coding methods of the geomorphological regionalization were proposed, (4) precise positioning techniques and methods of the multi-grades geomorphological regionalization based on multi-source data were developed. On the basis of this new geomorphological regionalization project, the partitioning works of national five-grade geomorphological regionalization of 1:250,000 of China were successfully completed. And the geomorphological regionalization systems of the whole China were divided into 6 major regions, 36 sub-major regions, 136 regions, 331 sub-regions and more than 1500 small regions. In addition, the database and the management information system of the national geomorphological regionalization were then established. This research is of important guiding significance for promoting the development of China's regional geomorphology and the application research based on geomorphological regionalization.