传统村落景观基因信息链与自动识别模型构建——以陕西省为例

传统村落作为活的文化遗产,承载了大量历史记忆,是地域文化景观基因识别与模型构建研究的重要切入点。以陕西省71个国家级传统村落为例,基于景观基因理论建立陕西省传统村落景观基因识别体系,识别出陕西省传统村落景观基因特征;运用类型学原理和N级编码理论对景观基因进行编码,构建陕西省传统村落景观基因信息链并生成基因谱系;借鉴生物学中“胞-链-形”DNA碱基序列模型,提取出环境基因、建筑基因、农耕文化基因和宗族文化基因四个公共基因作为景观基因元（胞）,以村内道路系统作为基因链,构建传统村落景观基因DNA模型与自动识别模型,以此对传统村落的区位、类型、特征和文化基因进行自动识别。为传统村落景观基因信息有效传承与存储,以及乡村建设动态发展提供理论借鉴。

Construction of gene information chain and automatic identification model of traditional village landscape: Taking Shaanxi province as an example

As a cultural heritage of activation, traditional villages contain a large amount of historical memory, which is a focus for the study of genetic recognition and model construction of regional cultural landscapes. Taking 71 national traditional villages in Shaanxi province as an example, this paper establishes a traditional village landscape genetic recognition system based on landscape gene theory, and identifies the genetic characteristics of traditional village landscapes in Shaanxi province. Using the typology principle and the N-level coding theory to encode the landscape genes, we construct the genetic information chain of the traditional village landscape in the province and generate the gene lineage. Drawing on the "cell-chain-form" DNA base sequence model, this study extracts four common genes of environmental genes, build genes, farm culture genes and clan culture genes as landscape gene elements (cells). The village road system is used as a gene chain to construct a traditional village landscape genetic DNA model and an automatic recognition model to automatically identify the location, landscape type, characteristics and cultural genes of traditional villages, which provides a theoretical reference for the effective transmission and storage of traditional village landscape genetic information and the dynamic development of rural construction.