对华跨境技术转移影响因素研究

基于分国别的技术引进合同数据,探讨对华跨境技术转移的空间分布及其影响因素。研究发现,美国、日本、德国、芬兰、英国和法国等技术先进国家始终是中国技术引进的主要来源国。亚洲的印度、马来西亚、泰国等在对华技术转移中的重要性也逐渐增强。对华跨境技术转移主要受技术势差、地理距离与技术通道等因素的影响。技术来源国与中国的技术势差越大、距离越近,技术溢出的强度越大;海外华人网络和跨国公司在华投资作为技术通道促进了海外技术向中国的转移。

Geographical Patterns and Determinants of Transnational Technology Transfer to China

In this article, we analyze the geographical distribution of the countries which transfer technology to China via technology introduction contracts and the factors influencing the amount of technology introduction contracts from 2003 to 2016, based on a large database compiled from World Bank, USPTO and China Statistical Bureau. We find out that, 1) Historically, the total amount of transnational technology introduction contracts to China showed a U-shape development trajectory: it increased dramatically from 2003 to 2013, and then decreases gradually due to the implementation of national endogenous innovation policy from 2013. 2) Geographically, the Gini index fluctuated between 0.85 and 0.90, indicating a high spatial concentration of transnational technology introduction contracts. Among all the source countries, the United States, Japan, Germany, Finland, the UK and France have been the main sources in the whole period; while India, Malaysia, Thailand and other Asian countries are becoming increasingly important in recent 5 years. 3) Three main aspects, namely technical capability gap, geographical distance and technology pipeline, influence the amount of transnational technology transfer to China. Countries geographically closer and of the greater the technical capability are more important sources which transfer technology to China. The transnational technology pipeline in terms of overseas Chinese community and multinational companies also facilitate the technology transfer to China. However, the imports of goods show a negative relationship with transnational technology introduction contact, because the countries which import low-tech goods to China usually have comparatively low technical competitiveness. It is reasonable that China avoids importing technology from those countries.