珠三角城镇化新进程

改革开放以来,珠三角地区依靠优惠政策,利用区位优势,吸收外来投资,开始了快速城镇化的进程。总结珠三角快速城镇化的主要特点,即在开放政策的导向下,以土地、劳动力等生产要素为基础,外资推动、自下而上的城镇化。然而,2008年国际金融危机以来,这种模式的问题充分暴露。分析传统城镇化模式所遇的到劳动力成本上升、土地资源短缺、产品出口受限等困境,提出珠三角地区在解决困境中所形成的城镇化新进程的基本特点,即创新引领、复合驱动、以人为核心、强调品质、城乡协调发展并对珠三角城镇化新进程的本质特点、能否成功转型、与粤港澳大湾区的关系,以及能否再次成为中国城镇化的典范进行了探讨,以期为新时期珠三角地区以及中国城镇化可持续发展提供参考。

The new process of urbanization in the Pearl River Delta

Since the reform and opening up, the PRD (Pearl River Delta) region has started a rapid urbanization process by making full use of its open-policies and location advantages. However, it was this rapid development model that brought the PRD region into trouble when the international financial crisis broke out in 2008. In response to the crisis, the PRD region began to explore a new way to promote the process of urbanization. Firstly, this paper reviews the features of traditional urbanization in the PRD, which are foreign capital promoting, production factors driving, developing from below and open-policies oriented. Accordingly, this paper believes the reasons that make the PRD region into dilemmas are the rising of labor costs, the shortage of land resources, the restriction in exports and the constraints of environment. Then the paper puts forward the main four characteristics of the new urbanization process in the PRD region: (1) Seeking new impetuses for development by substituting the "resource oriented" mode with the "knowledge source oriented" mode. (2) Transforming to a composited development model which can activate the domestic capital, the heavy industry, and the large-scale enterprises instead of the traditional one relying on foreign capital, light industry and small business. (3) Changing the economic-centered strategy to the human-oriented concept. (4) Improving development quality through strengthening infrastructure construction, optimizing urban image and highlighting culture. (5) Promoting urban-rural coordination by implementing the rural revitalization strategy. Finally, the paper explores and comes to conclusions on four key issues about the new process of urbanization in the PRD region: (1) The essence of the new urbanization process in the PRD is to rely on technological progress to promote the transformation and upgrading of the industry. (2) The PRD region has some advantages in production efficiency, foreign trade, innovation, market economy consciousness and economic internationalization. If it can successfully get rid of the path dependency relying on the technological innovation, the "Pearl River Delta model" will become a typical one of urban agglomeration development in China. (3) The PRD region has to strengthen the innovation and reform, accelerate the transformation of social development and coordinate the relationship between urban construction and the carrying capacity of resources and environment, so as to break through the Middle Income Trap. (4) The PRD region should make good use of the national strategy on building the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to deepen its cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao and play a greater role in global competition.