具身实践下的地方认知:非表征理论与南京马拉松

以2016南京马拉松为例,从非表征理论出发,调查跑者身体在时空间中的具身实践,分析身体的瞬间潜力如何与生命经历共同作用于个体对地方的认知。研究发现：具身实践下的地方认知是运动与感觉的产物,它与自我认知相继出现、相互促成,并呈现为褶皱式渗透、交错过程;情感在实践的当下时刻作用于身体,造成瞬间的身体强度变化和心理情绪波动,影响个体对地方的认知能力;瞬间触发的地方认知以原先身体经验为基础,并为将来的实践与认知提供新的原料。研究借助马拉松这一极限运动,详细刻画情感触发所建构的身体-空间关系,强调具身实践中瞬间与经验的辨证关系及二者共同作用下的地方认知,丰富有关身体与地方的地理学研究。

Cognition of place in embodied practice: Non-representational theory and Nanjing Marathon

According to the previous non-representational researches on embodied practice, the movement and sensation are the two basic characteristics of body. It is argued that less-than-fully conscious practice could be as important as conscious, because it involves an emphasis on the nature of immediacy and dynamics in life. These arguments also arise interests in the analysis of what is 'taking place' in space and time, which is often related to capacities of body: the capacity to affect and be affected, the capacity for movement with particular speed, and the capacity for particular intensities and sensations, specifically rhythm and encounter in this running case. This paper analyzes what role the body plays in the process of cognition of place coming into being through the survey on the embodied running practices of Nanjing Marathon runners. The findings of this research indicate that: firstly, the changing of Marathon courses gives rise to the changing of movement rhythm of runners, thus causes the encounter of rich sensations along the route. The cognition of place under the embodied practice is the outcome of movement and sensation, which comes along with the cognition of self. And these two kinds of cognitions behave like the fluid process, enfolding and unfolding, overlapping and separating with each other, which means the cognition of place generated from embodied practice becomes an important way for individuals to identify their own values and grasp the meaning of everyday life, while the realization and cognition of self also reinforce the significance of the place to the individual. Secondly, the affect in every moment caused by embodied practice has influences on the body ceaselessly, thus causing emotional fluctuation and further leading to expansion and shrinkage of cognitive ability. In addition, both the instant affect and previous physical experience have influences on the individual's cognition of place: previous physical experience could trigger instant affect and initiate the cognition of place; however the instant affect acts on the continuity of embodied practice and cognition in the future as well. The meaning of place therefore can be kept open and potential in the continuity. This research can be read as a response to the discipline's gaze towards embodied practice and affect, as well as a contribution to the knowledge of body and place in human geography.