中国城市网络关联格局的影响因素分析——基于电子信息企业网络的视角

城市网络关联格局影响因素的测度及其作用机理的解析是建立城市网络理论模型的关键环节。基于2017年中国电子信息100强企业网络视角构建城市网络,采用指数随机图模型定量测度了中国城市网络的影响因素,解析了城市网络生长发育的微观过程,并探索性的提出了理解中国城市网络发育机理的概念框架。研究发现：偏好依附效应和接收者（GDP）效应构成了中国城市网络中心性格局的微观基础,中国城市网络生长发育表现为择优选择的地理过程;互惠性链接深刻影响着城市间的关系格局,网络闭合机制逐步成为城市间链接关系的重要影响因素;空间距离对基于电子信息企业网络的城市网络约束作用并不明显,城市网络表现出在“流动空间”中生长发育的特征。

Determinants of the urban spatial network in China: An analysis through the lens of corporate networks within electronic information industry

The identification of factors underlying the spatial structure of urban network and the analysis of its mechanism is the key to establishing theoretical models of urban network. Based on the ownership linkage model, the urban network in China is specified through the lens of top 100 corporate networks within the electronic information industry in the years of 2005 and 2017, and its structural characteristics are described from three aspects of centrality, linkages and triad census. Then, by using the exponential random graph models (ERGMs), an econometric analysis is conducted to identify the influencing factors, and the micro processes in the spatial growth of urban network are examined. Finally, by combining theories of resource dependence and transaction cost, a conceptual framework for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms driving urban network growth in China is suggested for further discussion. Three main findings are concluded. First, the preference attachment effect and the receiver (GDP) effect constitute the micro basis of centrality pattern of the urban network in China. Outdegree centrality is mainly affected by expansionary effect, and indegree centrality is affected by both convergent effect and receiver (GDP) effect, which has caused urban network growth to be a process of preferential selection. The economic mechanism of this process can be interpreted as the dependence of enterprise on specific assets, market thickness and other specific resources. Second, the influencing factors of city linkages tend to be diversified. While reciprocity remains the important mechanism in the linkages of urban network, network closure mechanism has gradually become an important factor in the relationship between cities. The reciprocity effect and the network closure mechanism constitute the micro basis of coherent subgroups in the urban network in China, which can be explained by the restrictive function of transaction cost. Third, geographical distance does not have a significant effect on the urban structure within the network of electronic information industry. The location of electronic information industry is more flexible, which makes the urban network grow in a “space of flows”. Cities between long distance established linkages from the first beginning of urban network development, promoting the expansion of urban network over a large spatial scale.