旅游地快速交通优势度与旅游流强度的空间耦合分析

以典型旅游地—云南省为研究案例,以高德交通大数据、统计数据等多源数据为基础,依据“路网及站点密度+通行规模+通行功能+区位优势度+换乘便捷度”的思路,构建快速交通优势度模型;基于旅游流“规模→消费→效益→效应”的历时性维度构建旅游流强度模型;采用加权TOPSIS法对二者评价值进行测算,并运用耦合四象限模型对两者耦合类型进行划分。结果发现：① 快速交通与旅游流耦合存在显著空间差异性。昆明、红河和丽江呈现良性耦合协调,耦合类型表现为“高旅游流-高快速交通优势”,而旅游化水平低、远离交通枢纽和主要交通干线的边缘地区,旅游流与快速交通耦合效应则表现为“低旅游流-低快速交通优势”。② 快速交通优势度与旅游流强度呈正相关关系,不同快速交通方式与旅游流强度的拟合优度表现为“航空运输>高速公路>高速铁路”的特征。③ 云南省快速交通优势度与旅游流强度耦合水平总体偏低,快速交通发展的主导模式为协调互补模式,且缘于快速交通的“时间-空间收敛”效应和“组织-空间协同”效应,快速交通组合类型多样化与旅游流强度存在正相关关系。不同快速交通发展模式对旅游流强度的贡献效应表现出“多元共生模式>协调互补模式>单类孤立模式>低速交通维持模式”的特征。

Spatial coupling between rapid traffic superiority degree and tourist flow intensity in tourist destinations

Rapid transportation is a convenient channel for connecting space elements in the new era, as well as for increasing the vitality of regional development. Tourist flow is a phenomenon of collective spatial movement of tourists, which relies on traffic due to the similarity of tourist demand. Due to the non-transferability of tourism products and the rapid traffic dependence of tourism flow space displacement, rapid traffic has a major impact on the transfer flow, scale and spatial distribution of tourism flows. Therefore, revealing the spatial coupling relationship between rapid traffic and tourist flow has become an important issue. In this study, taking a typical tourist destination, Yunnan Province, as a research case, and based on multi-data such as Gaode traffic big data and statistical data, according to the thought process of “road network and site density + traffic size + traffic function + location superiority + transfer convenience”, a rapid traffic superiority model is constructed. In addition, based on the diachronic dimension of “scale → consumption → benefit →effect” of the tourist flow, a tourist flow intensity model is built. The weighted TOPSIS method is then used to measure the two evaluation values, and the coupling four-quadrant model is used to divide the coupling types. The results showed the following: (1) There is a significant spatial difference between the rapid traffic and tourist flow coupling. Kunming, Honghe and Lijiang showed strong coupling and coordination. The coupling type is “high tourist flow - high rapid traffic superiority”, while at the fringe region with a low level of tourism, away from the transportation hub and main traffic arteries, the coupling effect of tourist flow and rapid traffic is characterized by “low tourist flow - low rapid traffic superiority”. (2) There is a positive correlation between rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity, and the goodness of fit between different rapid traffic modes and tourist flow intensities showed the characteristics of “air transport > highway > high speed railway”. (3) The coupling level of rapid traffic superiority and tourist flow intensity in Yunnan Province is generally low, and the dominant mode of rapid traffic development is coordinated and complementary mode. In addition, due to the “time-space convergence” effect and “organization-space synergy” effect of rapid traffic, there is a positive correlation between the rapid traffic combination type diversification and the tourist flow intensity. The contribution effect of different rapid traffic development modes to the intensity of tourist flow showed the characteristics of “multiple symbiosis mode > coordination complementary mode > single class isolation mode > low speed traffic maintenance mode”. From a spatial perspective, this paper explores the coupling and coordination situation between rapid traffic dominance and tourism flow intensity, and the results can be used to identify the bottleneck of regional tourism development. It is important for the promotion of regional rapid transit facilities construction and improvement of tourism performance level to achieve synergy between rapid traffic and tourism flow intensity. At the same time, the results also provide references for other similar areas.