创意再生视域宁波老工业区绅士化动力机制

绅士化成为全球各类城市更新的核心现象,受地理、城市和规划等学科关注。以宁波和丰创意广场形成为例,运用问卷调查和访谈数据,借助扎根理论和结构方程模型分别构建和验证涵盖空间生产、推拉模式和创意集群孕育在内的老工业区绅士化动力机制。研究发现：① 生成和丰创意广场的创意修复过程呈现典型绅士化现象,且该现象具有高端写字楼主导的开放性和多元景观特征,入园企业私营化、生产要素创意化和生产关系外向化的业态特征以及年轻化、情怀化、创意化和服务化的群体特征;② 和丰绅士化现象是老工业区以推拉方式形成的社会空间置换,权力、资本和创意联结而成的再生产关系主导空间实践;建筑规划师和创意阶层主导的物质性空间营造和创意实践形成空间表征;空间表征推动创意集群内生发展和演化,催化了基于文化、理想和情感体验的文化共识和身份认同,升华为表征性空间,形成了“地方元素的感性认可→资本要素和关系力量的理性约束→地方元素、资本要素和关系力量协同→关系力量的反馈”逻辑路径,激活了老工业区空间演化。③ 和丰创意集群育成取决于文化氛围、办公环境、经济区位、政府政策和社会关系网络等要素相互作用。

Gentrification mechanism of the old industrial districts in Ningbo from the perspective of creative regeneration

At the same time as the gentrification movement has increasingly become a mean of urban renewal in some cities around the world, the connotation of the gentrification theory has been greatly enriched, and it has attracted the attention by different disciplines such as geography, planning, and management. In particular, with the rise of the cultural and creative industries in the 1990s, the renovation of old industrial zones led by creative parks has become one of the most important strategies for urban renewal, industrial upgrading and urban marketing, similar to the Western society's gentrification. And how to analyze the logic behind this phenomenon and reveal the dynamic mechanism of gentrification in the old industrial districts has become a research hotspot and difficulty in the study of gentrification and urban planning in the 21st century. In this article the Ningbo Hefeng Creative Plaza was chosen as case, questionnaires and interview data were used and the rooted theory and structural equation model were applied to construct and verify the dynamic mechanism of gentrification in the old industrial districts covering space production, push-pull mode and creative clusters. The findings can be concluded here: (1) The creative restoration process of Hefeng Creative Plaza presents a typical gentrification phenomenon, with characteristics of the openness and multi-landscape dominated by high-end office buildings, privatization of thesettled enterprises, the characteristics of creative production factors and the externalization of production relations, as well as group characteristics of younger population, feelings of creativity and service-oriented, creativity and service-oriented. (2) The phenomenon of gentrification in Hefeng Creative Plaza is a social space replacement formed by the push-pull method under the production of space in the old industrial districts. That is, spatial fix is dominated by the production and reproduction relationships linked by capital, power, and creativity; The material space creation and creative practice of architectural planners and creative class form a spatial representation; Spatial representation promotes the endogenous development and evolution of creative clusters, catalyzes cultural consensus and identity based on cultural, ideal and emotional experiences, and sublimates into a representational space. the Logical path of "sensual recognition of local elements → rational constraints of capital elements and relationship forces → coordination of local elements, capital elements and relationship forces → feedback of relationship forces" has been formed, which has activated the spatial evolution of the old industrial areas. (3) The development of Hefeng Creative Cluster depends on the interaction of cultural atmosphere, office environment, economic location, government policy and social relationship network.