改革开放以来广东省空间极化研究

改革开放２０年来广东省的空间结构演化表明：传统的核心－边缘模式已发生了很大的变化，区域出现多极化且次级核心区形成。广州华南中心城市的地位已经被香港所取代，韶关、湛江、汕头、潮阳等老中心城市地位不断下降，深圳、珠海、东莞、中山、顺德、南海和番禺等新兴城市正发展成为新区域增长中心。珠江三角洲经济发展开始向外围地区扩展，出现了反极化的趋势。全省空间差异扩大，形成了多层次的空间极化格局。

Study on Regional Polarization of Guangdong Province since 1978

Spatial polarization and uneven development has been the center of attention and of heated debate overthe years. Much of the research is focused on the shifts of capital, jobs and population from the old industrialcore to new cores or to the periphery. The theories of polarization and polarization reversal are central to regionaldevelopment in advanced industrial economics. As for polarization, the most significant indicator is the emer-gence, consolidation and widening of gap between the economic core and economic periphery within a region or acountry. Confronted with equipment obsolescence, unionized labors force and high production costs, the old in-dustrial core has emerged polarization reversal. The theories of polarization and polarization reversal suggest thatin the old industrial core the leading sector role of manufacturing has diminished in old manufacturing poles, andthat income growth trends differ substantially between these old poles and new centers of development. In sum-mary, based on the framework of polarization and polarization reversal, we can observe the spatial variationwithin the old industrial core, new growth center and periphery region. Since the economic reforms of 1978, China has opened up to foreign investment but retained restrictions onlabor migration until the beginning of 1990s. In recent years, some impacts of these reform and open policies inregional development have been observed. It is significant that regional inequality is enlarged between coastal andinland regions but also between urban and rural regions in China. Guangdong Province is one of the first provinces in the People's Republic of China to benefit from the opendoor policy which is representative in this research. Usually, the regional dynamics literature has tended to paymore attention to state or macro-regional variation of growth than to regional or local variation. By takingGuangdong province as a case, this paper gives a method of measuring regional polarization and discusses the spa-tial polarization of growth within a region in order to give a clear explanation to the process of regional polariza-tion under socialist-market system. The consequence shows that regional polarization is a dynamic process under socialist-market system, thecore role may disappear when the leading sector of manufacturing declines. It is found that the old central cities,such as Guangzhou Shaoguan, Zhanjiang, Shantou and Chaoyang experienced a gradual process of weakening oftheir roles in regions, and some new cities, for example, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Shunde,Nanhai and Panyu became new regional growth centers. In general, the change of Guangdong's regional struc-ture can be described as a process of regional polarization.