马氏珠母贝种苗规模化繁育新技术及工艺

对马氏珠母贝人工育苗换水、投附着基和饵料等关键环节进行了研究。结果表明:(1)不换水组的D形幼虫及壳顶幼虫的存活率,稚贝育成率以及D形幼虫、壳顶幼虫及稚贝壳长日生长率比换水组分别提高了15.3%、259.6%、186.5%、33.3%、34.2%、12.4%,且差异显著;(2)第1、2次投附着板组的稚贝壳长日生长率均比一次性投附着板组快,第3次投附着板组的壳长日生长率比其他所有组均慢,且差异均显著。多次投附着板组的同一批次稚贝均匀度均比一次性投附着板组好,且多次投附着板组比一次性投附着板组的稚贝育成率提高了32.5%,稚贝存活率提高了19.3%,采苗量提高了35%;(3)投喂虾塘水组稚贝存活率、育成率及壳长日生长率比投喂50%自溶酵母+50%小球藻组分别提高了28.1%、47.2%、35.9%,而投喂这两种不同饵料的稚贝阴干后的存活率差异不显著。研究表明,通过封闭不换水育苗、多次投附着板及投喂虾塘水中的生态饵料的方法可以高效地培育出健康的马氏珠母贝种苗。

New technique of seedling cultivation of Pinctada martensii(Dunker)

Key steps pertaining to artificial larviculture of Pinctada martensii (Dunker) were studied. Results showed that: (1) compared with the groups with water replacement, the survival rates and shell length daily growth of D-shape larvae and umboned larvae, and the survival rate and shell length daily growth of juvenile for the groups without water replacement were increased by 15.3%, 259.6%, 33.3%, 34.2%, 186.5%, and 12.4%, respectively (P<0.01); (2) the daily growth of juvenile shell length of the group with two-time attachment board placing was greater than that of the group with one-time attachment placing, which the daily growth of juvenile shell length was smaller and was significantly different than those for above groups (P<0.01). The evenness of the same batch of juveniles of the multiple-time attachment board placing group was higher than that for the one-time attachment board placing group, and juvenile cultivation rate, juvenile survival rate and larval collection rate were 32.5%, 19.3% and 35% higher than those of the one-time attachment board placing group, respectively; (3) the juvenile survival rate, cultivation rate, and shell length daily growth of the group fed with shrimp pond water were 28.1%, 47.2% and 35.9% higher than those of the group fed with 50% autolyzed yeast plus 50% chlorella, respectively, whereas the survivals for the dark-dried juveniles that were fed with these two diets were not significantly different. It was concluded that these techniques, such as closed larviculture without water replacement, multiple attachment board placing, and feeding with living diets in shrimp pond water, had great impact on efficiently cultivating healthy seedlings of P. martensii.