济南市土壤重金属污染现状及其土壤生物学表征

以济南市区及郊区农田土壤为对象,研究土壤中重金属污染的特征,结果表明,土壤重金属污染不仅引起了生态环境的恶化,而且影响土壤生物多样性,降低了土壤活性。济南市土壤动物各类群的数量与土壤重金属元素含量的相关性统计结果显示:土壤原生动物数量与Co、Ni含量呈明显负相关;土壤线虫数量与Cu、Mo含量呈显著负相关;旱生土壤动物数量与Cu含量呈显著负相关;说明重金属元素对土壤动物多样性具有不利影响,土壤线虫是耐污种类,旱生动物多为不耐污种类,土壤线虫与旱生动物密度之比可以作为土壤重金属污染程度的生物学指标。通过对土壤地球化学元素含量与土壤生物学参数的相关性分析,找到了重金属的敏感生物指标:Pb污染的生物学指标为土壤线虫;As污染的生物学指标是真菌PLFA含量等,用土壤生物作为敏感、快速的重金属污染生物毒性的指示物,具有广阔的应用前景。

Soil contamination by heavy metals in Jinan City and its biological characteristics

The contamination characteristics of heavy metals in urban and rural soil of Jinan City were investigated in this paper,and the results show that heavy metal contamination not only causes deterioration of ecological environment but also reduces soil biodiversity and activity.Meanwhile,the correlation between the number of animal population and the heavy metal content was analyzed statistically,and the results indicate that there is significantly negative correlation either between the number of soil protozoa and the concentration of Co and Ni or between soil nematode amount and Cu and Mo content.So does the correlation between drought – tolerant animal amount and Cu content.On the one hand,these data imply that heavy metals can cause damage to soil biodiversity;on the other hand,the conclusion can be reached that soil nematodes are of pollution-tolerant species while drought – tolerant animals are not.It is thus believed that the density ratio between them can indicate the contamination degree of soil heavy metals.Moreover,sensitive biological indicators of heavy metals were detected by analyzing the correlation between geological element concentrations and biological parameters of soil.For example,soil nematode is a biological indicator of Pb contamination,and PLFA(epiphyte) can indicate As pollution.The authors hold that using soil organisms as indicators of heavy metal contamination has wide application prospect.