我国铅锌尾矿综合利用研究现状及其开发利用意义

我国铅锌浮选尾矿堆存量大，综合利用率低，存在环境污染风险与安全隐患。为推动铅锌尾矿开发利用的技术进步与实践生产，本文系统梳理我国铅锌尾矿资源化利用的研究进展，概述尾矿再选利用与尾矿再加工利用制备水泥、砖、微晶玻璃和胶凝材料等综合利用方法和途径，并重点比较两种方法的优缺点，尾矿再选利用可对其中有价金属提取富集，但成本较高且工艺复杂，且再选后仍存在大量尾矿。而铅锌尾矿中含有硅(Si)、钙(Ca)、铝(Al)和铁(Fe)等氧化矿物可替代黏土、页岩和水泥等原材料通过再加工制备高附加产值的材料，可实现对铅锌尾矿的大量消纳且成本低廉。提出建议提前做好矿区尾矿经济价值评价，以加强对铅锌尾矿的绿色再加工利用，以期实现对矿山尾矿的资源化、无害化和减量化利用。

Research status and significance of comprehensive utilization of lead-zinc tailings in China

Lead-zinc tailings in China have large stockpiles and a low comprehensive utilization ratio, which have brought potential environmental pollution risks and safety hazards. This work aims to promote the development and utilization of lead and zinc tailings technology progress and practical production. The research progress of resource utilization for lead and zinc tailings was systematically analyzed, and the tailings reselection and tailings reprocessing and utilization to prepare cement, bricks, glass-ceramics, and filling materials were overviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of tailing reselection were compared with those of tailing reprocessing and utilization. Tailings reselection and utilization can extract valuable metals, but with high cost and complicated process, and a large amount of tailings still exist after reselection. In contrast, the lead and zinc tailings themselves contain silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) and other oxidized minerals, and these oxidized minerals can replace clay, shale and cement and other raw materials through reprocess to prepare high-value-added materials, which can achieve a large number of lead and zinc tailings consumption and low cost. It is proposed that the economic value of mine tailings should be evaluated in advance and the green reprocessing and utilization of lead and zinc tailings should be strengthened to achieve tailings recycling, reuse, and reduction.