天山山区典型内陆河流域径流组分特征分析

通过对天山南北坡的两个典型流域降水、地下水、河流、融冰雪水δD和δ¹⁸O及水化学检测，基于同位素径流分割模型定量分析了年内径流组分特征。结果表明：（1）两条河流的径流组成中地下水为构成径流的主要成分，其次是冰川融水，融雪水及降水，但南北坡径流组分表现出较明显的差异，乌鲁木齐河流域中冰川融水的比重要大于黄水沟流域，对气候变化响应明显。（2）两条河流在不同季节径流组分也表现出较大差异，春季径流组分差异最为明显。

Streamflow components in inland rivers in the Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China

Runoff generation and its dynamics are the fundamental of hydrology and are very crucial to water resource management. Based on isotope hydrograph method, the paper explored and compared the runoff generation mechanism of two typical inland rivers in the Tianshan Mountains (i.e., Urumqi River on the north slope and Huangshuigou River on the south slope), based on the monitored weather, flow and isotope data of a hydrological year. Results show as follows: (1) in both rivers, precipitation, river water and groundwater exhibit noticeable spatial and temporal variations in stable δ¹⁸O and δD compositions, and there is an increasing trend of δ¹⁸O in the river water during snowmelt period (late autumn and spring); (2) isotope hydrograph separation shows that generally, groundwater is the major recharging source (over 50% of streamflow), followed by glaciermelt, snowmelt and precipitation in these two rivers; Urumqi River has a larger contribution from glaciermelt than Huangshuigou River does, indicating that Urumqi River is more sensitive to the temperature change; (3) these two rivers have similar contribution components in all seasons except for spring in which Huangshuigou River has similar contributions from groundwater and snowmelt, while Urumqi River has a larger contribution from groundwater than snowmelt.