基于社会需求与交通可达性的新疆通勤机场布局研究

从经济、人口、资源、交通以及社会公益性综合层面评价县域民航需求与交通可达性水平空间差异，采用断裂点模型对现有干、支线机场布局进行评价，确定新疆通勤机场布局与功能。结论：（1）影响新疆县域民航发展需求的各类因素中，经济因子客观权重高于社会与环境因子。（2）民航发展需求水平与交通可达性综合水平县域间差距较大，整体偏低。（3）民航发展需求指数与交通可达性综合指数组合为6类区域，且大部分为"低需求低可达性"。（4）机场吸引力有效断裂点为70个，集中分布在民航发展需求与综合交通可达性中低水平区域。（5）新疆民航机场布局可发展干-支-通勤三层轴-辐与南北疆环线布局模式。

Commuter airport layout of Xinjiang based on the social need & traffic accessibility

This paper took a remote province Xinjiang in western China as an example, determined the regional aviation demand index and airport attractiveness of the main-feeder airports by using index system method, principal component analysis, Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP), divided the combined regions of aviation demand index and transportation accessibility index by using cluster and qualitative analysis, adopted "Breaking Point Model" and GIS software to adjust the existing airport layout and determined the commuter airport layout and function in Xinjiang. The conclusions show that among the various factors that influence the social demand of civil aviation at county level, the objective weights of the economic factors are bigger than the social and environmental factors. While, there is a big gap among the 85 counties in terms of civil aviation demand level and comprehensive traffic accessibility level, and both the two levels are overall low; the indexes of aviation demand and traffic accessibility can be grouped into 6 types of areas, most of which are the type of "low demand and accessibility". Then, there are 70 valid breaking points of airport attractiveness, centrally located in the areas with low or moderate levels of civil aviation demand and traffic accessibility. To sum up, the airport layout in Xinjiang can be set up as "hub-feeder-commuter" and "south & north loop lines" modes. The paper gave priority to the basic, public welfare and service characteristics of the civil aviation, made analysis and measurement on regional airport layout from aspects of economic development, population distribution, superior resources development, social public welfare and land traffic accessibility at the county level, and proposed referential commuter airports distribution area and function definition. For the complexity of the data and volatility of related policy, further study is needed for commuter airlines development and its feasibility.