危机冲击下长三角地区电子信息产业集群韧性特征及其影响因素

当前经济环境复杂多变,产业集群面临的冲击越来越多,一些集群有可能实现路径突破,而一些集群可能会落入发展的低端陷阱而难以自拔。因此,研究产业集群在危机冲击下的韧性特征、影响因素以及如何走上复苏道路是摆在研究者面前的重要问题。利用中国工企数据库对长三角地区电子信息产业集群进行识别,判断其所遭受的主要冲击,从抵抗力和恢复力两个维度测度集群韧性,构建数学模型分析韧性影响因素。结果表明：① 集群面临两次冲击的抵抗力均较弱;② 集群在遭遇两次冲击后的恢复力较好,均强于抵抗力,但各个集群的恢复力差异明显,出口比例高的集群更容易受到经济危机的冲击;③ 外生型集群韧性主要体现为“低抵抗力-高恢复力”型和“高抵抗力-低恢复力”型,内生型集群韧性主要体现为“低抵抗力-高恢复力”型;④ 区域产业非相关多样性仅对两次冲击中的集群恢复力具有促进作用,对抵抗力的影响不明显。区域产业相关多样化对两次冲击的抵抗力和恢复力均无显著影响。企业知识异质性对集群抵抗力和恢复力发挥正向促进作用,而集群的对外开放程度在总体上发挥了抑制作用。龙头企业对在两次冲击下集群抵抗力的作用方向不同。所有制异质性和年轻企业占比对集群韧性的影响作用不明显。

Resilience characteristics and influencing factors of electronic information industry clusters in the Yangtze River Delta under the impact of crisis

The current economic environment is complex and changing, while industrial clusters are facing more and more shocks. Some clusters are likely to achieve path breakthroughs, while some may fall into the low-end trap of development and find it difficult to extricate themselves. Therefore, studying the resilience characteristics of industrial clusters under the crisis shock, the influencing factors and how to embark on the road to recovery is an important issue for the researchers. The Yangtze River Delta region, as China's famous electronics and information industry cluster, presents characteristics such as technology and capital intensive, innovation active and highly globalised. However, its highly externally oriented development model makes it deeply embedded in the global value chain and at the same time more vulnerable to external shocks and risks. This paper uses the China Industrial Enterprise Database to identify the electronic information industry clusters in the Yangtze River Delta region, determine the main shocks to which they are subjected, measure cluster resilience in two dimensions: resistance and recovery, and build a mathematical model to analyse the factors influencing resilience. The research results show that: (1) Under different crisis shocks, the industry clusters show different resiliences, mainly in that firstly, the resistance of the cluster is weaker in resisting two shocks, and secondly, the recovery of each cluster differs significantly after encountering shocks. In particular, the higher the proportion of exports in the financial crisis, the more vulnerable the region was to the economic crisis. (2) Cluster types have different characteristics and show different resiliences. The resilience of exogenous clusters is mainly reflected in the “low resistance-high recovery” type and “high resistance-low recovery” type, while the resilience of endogenous clusters is mainly reflected in the “low resistance-high recovery” type. (3) There are partial differences in the factors affecting cluster resilience under different crisis shocks. The non-related diversity of regional industries only contributes to cluster recovery in two shocks and has no significant effect on resistance. Regional industry-related diversification had no significant effect on both resistance and recovery in two shocks. Among intra-cluster firm heterogeneity, only knowledge heterogeneity positively contributes to cluster resistance and recovery, while cluster openness to the outside world plays a suppressive role in general. The leading firms acted in different directions on cluster resistance under the two shocks. The role of ownership heterogeneity and the share of young firms in influencing cluster resilience is not significant.