Subseasonal to seasonal Arctic sea-ice prediction:A grand challenge of climate science |
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| Authors: | Ke Wei Jiping Liu Qing Bao Bian He Jiao Ma Ming Li Mirong Song Zhu Zhu |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;5. Polar Research & Forecasting Division, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | On 15 September 2020,the Arctic sea-ice extent(SIE)reached its annual minimum,which,based on data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC,2020a),was about 3.74 million km2(1.44 million square miles).This value was about 40％less than the climate aver-age(～6.27 million km2)during 1980-2010.It was second only to the record low(3.34 million km2)set on 16 September 2012,but signifi-cantly smaller than the previous second-lowest(4.145 million km2,set on 7 September 2016)and third-lowest(4.147 million km2,set on 14 September 2007)values,making 2020 the second-lowest SIE year of the satellite era(42 years of data). |
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