劳动力视角下跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展战略耦合机制——以富士康郑州投资为例

全球生产网络（GPNs）非常重视跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合模式及影响机制,然而以往研究相对聚焦于资本密集型或技术密集型企业,着重探讨产业联系、技术外溢、社会网络等要素的影响,而对以富士康为代表的劳动密集型跨国企业并未给予足够关注。本研究以郑州富士康为案例,融合劳工地理学和新经济地理学的理论视角,基于2017—2021年对郑州富士康的追踪调研,研究发现：① 在全球网络动力与本土地域动力相互联动的作用下,地方区位优势和企业空间粘性虽然发生了显著变化,并初步呈现出互惠式耦合特征,但郑州富士康地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合模式仍以依附式为主。② 劳动力视角下跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合形成机制主要受制于公司属性特征与员工雇佣方式（包括企业性质、用工模式、工资福利等）、区域人口红利与劳动力供应格局、政府中介政策与劳动力行为选择等因素。③ 促进劳动密集型跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合,维持劳动力市场弹性和激励跨国公司扩大投资并促进生产网络区域化应作为国家和地方政府战略制定和政策实施的两个基本维度。研究成果不仅可以有效弥补跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展战略耦合对劳动力作用的忽视,而且通过典型案例可以为劳动密集型跨国公司与区域发展的战略耦合关系提供实证经验支持。

The strategy coupling evolution mechanism of TNCs'local embeddedness and regional development from the perspective of labor:Take Foxconn in Zhengzhou investment as an example

Local embeddedness of transnational corporations (TNCs) within global production networks (GPNs) deserves academic attention. Most current studies on the embeddedness of TNCs have focused on industrial linkages, technological spillovers, and social network, whereas labor market has not been given much attention. Taking Foxconn in Zhengzhou as a case study, this paper combines the theoretical perspectives of labor geography and new economic geography, based on the follow-up survey of Foxconn in Zhengzhou from 2017 to 2021. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Under the interaction of global network dynamics and local regional dynamics, local location advantages and enterprise spatial stickiness have changed significantly. The strategic coupling mode of TNCs' local embeddedness and regional development is still dependent on coupling. (2) From the perspective of labor, the strategic coupling evolution of TNCs' local embeddedness and regional development is mainly controlled by the company's attribute characteristics and labor employment mode (including enterprise nature, employment mode, product cycle, wages and benefits, etc.), regional demographic dividend and labor supply pattern, government intermediary policy and labor behavior choice, etc. (3) In order to promote the strategic coupling between local embeddedness and regional development of labor-intensive TNCs, maintaining the elasticity of labor market and encouraging multinational corporations to realize the regionalization of production network should be regarded as two basic dimensions for national and local governments to formulate policies. The research results can not only effectively make up for the neglect of the role of labor in the coupling of TNCs' local embeddedness and regional development strategy, but also provide empirical support for the strategic coupling relationship between labor-intensive multinational corporations and regional development through typical cases.