高铁对区域旅游“时空压缩”效应的测度与分析——以长江经济带为例

以长江经济带为例,构建了无高铁、现有高铁和规划高铁三种情景,引入旅游“门到门”出行的旅行时间测度方法,同时采用分层栅格成本方法改进可达性计算模型,综合运用加权平均旅行时间、日常可达性指数和旅游效用函数等指标定量测度并全面分析了高铁对区域旅游的“时空压缩”效应。研究发现：① 现有高铁将长江经济带景区加权平均旅行时间“压缩”了3.36 h,规划高铁进一步将其“压缩”了1.09 h,使区域的旅游空间范围不断“缩小”;② 高铁的“时空压缩”效应对区域旅游的影响具有双面性,加剧了短期旅游圈所覆盖景区数量的空间分异,但使长假旅游圈所覆盖景区数量在空间上趋于均衡;③ 不同高铁建设阶段对区域旅游的影响存在差异,现有高铁便利了游客的中远程旅游,而规划高铁则对游客短途旅游产生重要影响,并强化了同区域外的旅游联系;④ 高铁“压缩”了旅途时间,“扩张”了游览时间,大幅提高了旅游效用,这在川渝两地表现的尤为显著。

Measuring and analyzing the time-space compression of high-speed rail on regional tourism:A case study of Yangtze River Economic Belt,China

The large-scale high-speed rail (HSR) network in China has shortened the travel time of tourists and has significantly changed regional tourism. However, how to measure the time-space compression of HSR on regional tourism is a scientific issue to be addressed. In this paper, the Yangtze River Economic Belt was selected as the study area, and three scenarios were constructed for analysis, including no HSR, present HSR, and planned HSR. The door-to-door approach in tourism was introduced to describe the travel mode of tourists. A layered cost distance method was employed to accurately calculate travel time. Based on this, the weighted average travel time, daily accessibility, and tourism utility function were used to evaluate and analyze the time-space compression of HSR on regional tourism. The results indicate that: (1) The weighted average travel time of the scenic spots under the three scenarios showed a “core-periphery” pattern. The value of the core area under the no HSR scenario was between 7.30-10.10 hrs, and it was reduced to 3.65-6.59 hrs under present HSR and 3.21-5.65 hrs under planned HSR, which meant that the spatial scope of regional tourism was continuously “shrinking”. (2) The time-space compression of HSR had a double-sided impact on regional tourism. The HSR aggravated the spatial differentiation of the number of scenic spots covered by the short-term tourism circle. However, the number of scenic spots covered by the long vacation tourism circle was increasingly balanced in space, breaking the spatial restrictions of the location of tourism resources at a large scale. (3) Generally, the construction of the HSR follows the step of “first develop the main railways and then the branch lines. In the present HSR scenario, travel times in and around major nodes, such as provincial capitals, were most compressed, which facilitates the medium to long distance travel of tourists. In the planned HSR scenario, however, travel times for the north and south sides of the region were compressed significantly, which had an important impact on the tourists' short-distance travel, and could strengthen tourism connections with the outside world. (4) The HSR compressed the travel time and extended the tour time, which significantly improved the tourism utility. For tourists, the HSR is conducive to stimulating their travel motivation, slowing down the pace of their tourism activity, and improving their tourism experience. For the destination, the HSR can promote the growth of tourism income, however, when facing the new challenges, the practitioners need to raise the level of tourism supply.