生物肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)养分吸收、光合作用以及品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究了化肥减量20%~40%、配施生物肥对春茬甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)生长、养分吸收利用、光合作用以及品质的影响。结果表明:与当地施肥量(底肥:N 139.2kg·hm-2,P2O5255kg·hm-2,K2O 93.6kg·hm-2;追肥:N 208.8kg·hm-2)相比,化肥减量并配施生物肥使甘蓝生长前期、后期的茎粗变小;对甘蓝的叶片数、冠幅投影面积无显著影响;叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率均与对照无显著差异;促进了甘蓝叶球生长,叶球中硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量降低,Vc含量增加;甘蓝叶球、叶片和根系氮含量降低,氮在叶球分配的比例提高,在叶片、根系分配的比例降低。化肥减量并配施生物肥提高了幼苗株高、增加了茎粗,气孔导度和净光合速率升高,降低了硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量、叶球氮含量和根系的钾含量。

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake,Photosynthesis and Quality of Brassica oleracea

We studied the influence of reducing fertilizer(20%-40%)and combined application of bio-fertilizer on growth, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and quality of spring cabbage through field experiment. Compared with the local fertilizer application (recommended: N 139.2 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 255 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 93.6 kg·hm^-2; fertilizer: N 208.8 kg·hm^-2), reducing fertilizer made stem diameter of cabbage smaller at the early and late growth stage, and had no significant effect on leaf number and long projective planes of the cabbage. Leaf stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate had no significant difference between reducing fertilizer and control. Reducing fertilizer promoted the growth of cabbage head, reduced the nitrate and soluble solid content, and increased V_C content in the cabbage head. Reducing fertilizer decreased nitrogen content of cabbage head, leaves and roots, increased the distribution ratio of nitrogen in cabbage head and reduced the distribution ratio of nitrogen in the leaves and roots. Reducing fertilizer and combined application of bio-fertilizer raised the plant height of seedlings and stem diameter, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and decreased the content of nitrate, soluble solids, nitrogen of head and potassium of roots.