沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物物候对长期气温变化的响应

由新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心提供的1977—2006年吐鲁番气象资料统计得知:近29年气候有变暖趋势,线性变暖速率为每10年0.72℃,29年来吐鲁番地区年平均气温共上升2.06℃。结合吐鲁番沙漠植物园沙拐枣属植物的物候观测积累资料,分析了4个组的芽膨胀、开始展叶、同化枝开始变色、同化枝初落的时间变化趋势及其与温度变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1977年以来,沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物刺果组(Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr)物候期最晚;同化枝开始变色为泡果组(Sect.Calliphysa(Fisch.et Mey.)Borszcz)晚于翅果组;其他3种物候期中,泡果组物候期最早,基翅组(Sect.Calligonum)和翅果组(Sect.Pterococcus(Pall.)Borszcz)均居中。4个组的芽膨胀和开始展叶时间大部分呈提前趋势,同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间呈推后趋势。(2)4个组的芽膨胀与年平均气温、春季气温呈显著负相关(p0.05)。年平均气温每升高1℃,泡果组、刺果组、基翅组、翅果组的芽膨胀时间分别提前4.5d、4.3d、4.1d、8.3d;同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间变化不明显。芽膨胀对温度变化的响应程度显著大于同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落。

The Phenophase Response of Calligonum L. in Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden to Temperature Change in Recent 29 Years

Using the temperature data of Turpan from 1977 to 2006 offered by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Information Center,we investigated the effects of temperature change on the Phenophase of Calligonum L. The results showed that: the average temperature trended to be warmer at a rate of 0.71 ℃ per decade in the studied area,the annual average temperature in Turpan has risen 2.06 ℃ in recent 29 years; in the past 29 years,the phenology of Sect. Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr of Calligonum L. was the latest; the beginning of leaf discoloration of Sect. Calliphysa (Fisch.et Mey.) Borszcz was later than Sect. Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz; however,as to the other 3 phenological period,the phenology of Sect. Calliphysa (Fisch.et Mey.) Borszcz was the earliest,the Sect. Calligonum and Sect. Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz were in middle. Calligonum L. in bud-expansion and beginning of leaf extension was mostly ahead of the trend,the beginning of leaf discoloration and beginning of leaf fall delayed; the bud expansion of Calligonum L. showed a significantly negative relationship (p <0.05) with the annual average temperatures and the spring temperatures; a 1 ℃ rising of the annual average temperature may make the bud-expansion of Sect. Calliphysa (Fisch.et Mey.) Borszcz advance 4.5 d,Sect. Medusa Sosk. et Alexandr 4.3 d,Sect. Calligonum 4.1 d, Sect. Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz 8.3 d, respectively;beginning of leaf discoloration and beginning of leaf fall did not change significantly; the advancing of bud-expansion phenophase response to temperature was greater than that of beginning of leaf discoloration and beginning of leaf fall.