长期暴露于沙尘人群的肺通气功能

为分析长期沙尘暴露对人群肺通气功能的影响，本文选择沙尘天气多发的甘肃省民勤县和受沙尘污染较轻的平凉市为调查点，采用SPIROVIT SP-1型肺功能仪，对在调查点长期居住、无职业性粉尘接触史的40岁以上728名农民进行肺功能测定，测定指标包括用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV_l）、1秒率（FEV_l/FVC），肺通气功能损伤类型分为阻塞性（FEV_l/FVC<70%）、限制性（FVC%<80%）及混合性（FEV_l/FVC<70%且FVC%<80%）3类。结果显示，与平凉市比较，非吸烟者中，民勤县农民FEV₁%、FEV₁/FVC分别降低4.3%、6.6%；肺通气功能异常、阻塞性及混合性肺功能损伤发生率分别增加9.5%、9.2%及3.2%，其RR（95%CI）分别为1.540（1.106~2.144）、1.955（1.242~3.076）及8.677（1.128~66.734）；50~59岁农民阻塞性肺功能损伤发生率、60岁以上者肺通气功能异常、阻塞性及混合性肺通气功能损伤发生率均增加；男性农民肺通气功能异常率、女性农民阻塞性及混合性肺功能损伤发生率均增加。这表明，长期沙尘暴露可导致人群肺功能降低，以阻塞性肺功能损伤为主，50岁以上人群是主要受害者。建议沙尘天气多发区人群应尽量减少沙尘暴露机会，并加强沙尘防护措施，以降低沙尘对暴露人群肺通气功能的损伤。

Effects of Long-term Sand Dust Pollution on Pulmonary Function of Exposed Population

In order to analyze the effects of Long-term sand dust pollution on pulmonary function of exposed population, Minqin County was selected as sand dust pollution region, where dust storm occurred frequently. Meanwhile, Pingliang City was selected as control area, where was influenced by dust weather rarely. The subjects were consisted of 728 farmers (Minqin, 424; Pingliang, 304) aged 40yrs or older. Farmers having documented occupational history to industrial dust exposure were not included. Using SPIROVIT SP-1 spirometer, we measured lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s FEV₁], forced vital capacity FVC], FEV₁/FVC) of farmers. Lung function impairment were divided into three categories including obstructive lung function impairment (FEV_l/FVC<70%), restrictive lung function impairment (FVC%<80%) and combined lung function impairment (FEV_l/FVC<70% and FVC%<80%).For non-smokers, the values of FEV₁% and FEV₁/FVC significantly decreased by 4.3% and 6.6% in Minqin County compared with that in Pingling City, respectively; while the incidences (RR, 95%CI) significantly increased by 9.5% (1.540, 1.106-2.144), 9.2% (1.955, 1.242-3.076) and 3.2% (8.677, 1.128-66.734) in abnormal lung function, obstructive lung functions impairment and combined lung functions impairment, respectively. The results also showed, compared with in Pingliang City, the incidence in Minqin County was significantly ascendant in the obstructive lung function impairment for farmers aged 50-59 years, and the incidence in Minqin County apparently increased in abnormal lung function, obstructive lung function impairment and combined lung function impairment for farmers aged 60 years or older. For females, there was significantly ascendant occurrences of obstructive lung function impairment and combined lung function impairment in Minqin County compared with that in Pingling City, while only the incidence of abnormal lung function increased for males. Thus, we conclude that long-term sand dust exposure can do damage to human lung function, which displays mainly obstructive pulmonary lung deficit. Those people aged 50 years or older were the major victims. To decrease the lung function injure, the exposed population were suggested to reduce the dust exposed chances and enhance the protective measures.