Seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen,percent oxygen saturation,and apparent oxygen utilization in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, National Central University, Jungli, Taiwan;2. Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China;3. Department of Oceanography, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan;4. Horn Point Lab, University of Maryland System Center for Environmental Study, USA;5. Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology/Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan;1. Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India;2. ESSO-National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa 403804, India;1. General Directorate for Fisheries Research in the Pacific, National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Del Carmen, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico;2. National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico City, Mexico;3. National Polytechnic Institute, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine Sciences, La Paz, Mexico;1. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (CONICET-UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Ecology/Food Webs, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;3. Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;4. Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;5. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca (UTN-BHI), 11 de Abril 461, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina;6. Universidad FASTA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Gascón 3145, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Using objectively analyzed seasonal fields of dissolved oxygen content, percent oxygen saturation, and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), we describe the large-scale seasonal variability of oxygen for the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the upper 400 m. The winter minus summer basin zonal averages of AOU reveal a two-layer feature in both the Atlantic and the Pacific, for both hemispheres. Biological activity and seasonal stratification in the summer give the upper 50–75 m of the water column in each basin a lower AOU in summer than winter. Greater mixing of upper ocean waters in winter gives the 75–400 m layer lower AOU values in that season. The basin integral seasonal volumes of oxygen for both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific mirror what is occurring in the atmosphere, indicating that there is a seasonal flux of oxygen across the air–sea interface. Winter total O2 volume in the ocean is above the annual mean; the summer volume is below. Larger seasonal differences in the total O2 content are observed in the North Atlantic Ocean than the North Pacific Ocean. A seasonal net outgassing (SNO) of 8.3×1014 moles O2 is calculated from basin means, which is 25% higher than previous results. |
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