三峡库区藕塘滑坡变形失稳机制研究

三峡库区藕塘滑坡是巨型顺层基岩古滑坡,滑坡面积1.78km2,体积约9.0107m3,威胁3900余人的生命财产安全,涉及场镇整体搬迁,同时对长江航道形成潜在堵塞隐患,是近年来三峡库区重大滑坡灾害之一。基于大量的现场地质调查及工程地质勘探,详细介绍了滑坡地质地貌及地质结构特征; 充分利用现场监测数据,深入分析了滑坡变形特征; 在此基础上,从地质成因和环境成因两方面对滑坡变形失稳机制展开系统研究,并结合滑坡稳定性计算对其变形发展的趋势进行了预测。相关的结论主要包括:(1)该滑坡具有多级多期次滑动特征,主要表现为三级滑动,且空间形态具有视向倾斜滑动的特征; (2)特殊的地形地貌、地层岩性及地质构造等因素是滑坡长期孕育形成的地质内因; (3)库水位周期性波动及集中降雨是诱发滑坡复活变形的环境外因,研究表明该滑坡变形与库水位下降及集中降雨的相关性显著; 库水位下降导致坡体内外地下水落差形成指向坡外的渗透压力,促进滑坡体变形; 集中降雨则增加滑坡体自重和下滑力,并使得大量的水富集于易滑软层,软化滑带土,促使滑坡蠕动变形加速; (4)三级滑坡体与西侧变形区在极端工况下存在欠稳定状态可能性,推断现阶段滑坡以局部失稳破坏形式为主。鉴于此,建议进一步加强监测,采取相应的工程防治措施。

DEFORMATION AND FAILURE MECHANISM OF OUTANG LANDSLIDE IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

The Outang landslide is a giant ancient consequent bedding rockslide of about 9.0107m3 in volume and 1.78km2 in area. It is a huge threat to the safety of lives and property of more than 3900 people. It involves the entire town relocation, which can be one of the serious landslide disasters in this area. On the basis of field investigation and engineering-geological exploration, the special geologic environment and characters of Outang landslide are examined in detail. The deformation characteristics of the landslide are studied in-depth with field monitoring data. On this basis the deformation and failure mechanism of Outang landslide are analyzed from the two following aspects. They are the geologic origin and the environment origin. The deformation trend of the landslide is also predicted using the stability calculation result. The result shows that:(1)The Outang landslide is a multi-phase consequent bedding rockslide with three landslide phases. It has the characteristics of apparent dip slide in 3D spatial form. (2)The particular geological factors include the landform, stratum lithology, geological structure and are the internal factors of landslide formation. (3)The cyclical fluctuation of the reservoir water and the concentrated rainfall are the external environment factors inducing the landslide deformation. Analysis shows that the landslide deformation is significantly related to the water level reduction and the concentrated rainfall. Because the reducing speed of reservoir water level is much faster than that of the underground water, it forms seepage force in the landslide body apparently, and promotes the landslide deformation. The concentrated rainfall increases the self-weight and reduces the strength of slope mass, which makes a lot of water enrichment in easy sliding soft layer, softens sliding zone and hastens the landslide creep deformation. (4)The third phase landslide mass and the western side strong deformation zone have the possibility of unstable statement under extreme conditions. So it is inferred that the major failure mode of the landslide is a local buckling failure. In view of this, it is suggested to strengthen monitoring and to take corresponding engineering measures.