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Production of selected cosmogenic radionuclides by muons 1. Fast muons |
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| Authors: | B Heisinger D Lal A J T Jull P Kubik S Ivy-Ochs S Neumaier K Knie V Lazarev and E Nolte |
| Institution: | a Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany b Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA c Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 0081, USA d Paul Scherrer Institute, c/o ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland e Physikalisch–Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany |
| Abstract: | To investigate muon-induced nuclear reactions leading to the production of radionuclides, targets made of C9H12, SiO2, Al2O3, Al, S, CaCO3, Fe, Ni, Cu, Gd, Yb and Tl were irradiated with 100 and 190 GeV muons in the NA54 experimental setup at CERN. The radionuclide concentrations were measured with accelerator mass spectrometry and γ-spectroscopy. Results are presented for the corresponding partial formation cross-sections. Several of the long-lived and short-lived radionuclides studied are also produced by fast cosmic ray muons in the atmosphere and at depths underground. Because of their importance to earth sciences investigations, calculations of the depth dependence of production rates by fast cosmic ray muons have been made. |
| Keywords: | cosmogenic elements radioactive isotopes cross sections production rates |
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