基于AHP法的宁夏南部中小学地震应急避难场所减灾能力评估研究

地震应急避难场所在应对灾害事件和提高城市综合防灾能力、减轻灾害影响、增强政府应急管理工作能力等方面发挥着重大的作用。本文运用AHP法，在遵循科学性、优化性和完整性原则的基础上，构建一个包含4个一级指标和24个二级指标的中小学地震应急避难场所减灾能力指标体系；并参照《地震应急避难场所运行管理指南》（GB/T 33744—2017）中对地震应急避难场所的启用、运行和管理等方面的要求，建立中小学地震应急避难场所减灾能力综合评价模型，根据专家问卷调查资料，计算并分析各指标的相对权重及结果，将其应用在宁夏南部高烈度区中小学校进行能力检验。结果表明，宁夏南部中小学地震应急避难场所减灾能力相对较弱，应加强该区域中小学地震应急避难场所的建设，提升防范和应对地震灾害的能力。

Evaluation of Disaster Reduction Capability of Earthquake Emergency Shelters in Middle and Primary Schools in Southern Ningxia Based on AHP

Earthquake emergency shelters play an significant role in dealing with disaster events, which improving the city''s comprehensive disaster prevention ability, reducing the impact of disasters and strengthening the government''s administrative capacity. Based on the principles of Scientificity, optimization and integrality, an index system of disaster reduction capacity for earthquake emergency shelter in primary and secondary schools is constructed by using AHP method.Referring to the requirements on the opening operational management of earthquake emergency shelters in the "guide to the operation and management of earthquake emergency shelters" (GB/t 33744-2017), this research shows a comprehensive evaluation model of disaster reduction capacity of earthquake emergency shelter in primary and middle schools. According to the results of this research, an appropriate correlation weight coefficient and index could be applied to the primary and secondary schools in the high intensity area in the south of Ningxia. The result also shows that the ability of earthquake emergency shelter of middle and primary schools in the south of Ningxia is weak and the construction of earthquake emergency shelter should be strengthened. As well as the capacity of resisting and responding to earthquake disasters should be improved.