乳山长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的抗性基因表达和生存环境的季节差异

长牡蛎 （Crassostrea gigas） 是我国重要的海水养殖贝类，近年其大规模死亡现象频繁发生。为了解长牡蛎的免疫基因在季节上的表达模式变化规律及死亡爆发高峰期的水环境情况，在其主养区山东乳山进行了相关研究。分别在 2018 年 1、 3、5—9 月对该地区牡蛎鳃样品做了免疫基因定量分析，在 6、7、9 月对养殖海域的环境因子 （水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧）、各时间点水体里的浮游植物数量及各采样点牡蛎条件指数的变化进行了研究。结果显示，HSP70 在 7 月份高表达，其余 5 个抗性相关基因在 8 月表达水平达到峰值。在测量的三个月中，7 月水温最高，6 月和 9 月水温略低于 7 月，这一结果和表达模式相关。研究表明近岸的藻类丰度更大。因此，温度是影响长牡蛎存活的各环境因子中的主要因素，温度显著影响到体内抗性基因的表达情况并且间接影响到夏季牡蛎的条件指数。

Seasonal differences in resistance gene expression and environment of Crassostrea gigas at Rushan

Crassostrea gigas is an important agriculture shellfish in China, who in recent years faced with mass mortality. In order to understand the seasonal expression patterns of immune genes in oyster and the water environment at the peak of death outbreak, relevant research was carried out in Rushan of Shandong Province, the main breeding area of oyster. qRTPCR for immune genes was conducted on the gill samples in 2018 January, March, May, June, July, August and September,respectively. In June, July and September, the environmental factors (water temperature, salinity, PH, dissolved oxygen), phytoplankton quantity in the water at each time and the changes of oyster condition index at each sampling point in the Xihuang island of Rushan were studied. The results show that HSP70 is highly expressed in July, and the expression level of the other five resistance-related genes peak in August. The water temperature is the highest in July and slightly lower in June and September, which is related to the expression pattern. Statistics on algae show that the abundance of algae is greater near the shore. Therefore, temperature is the main influencing factor affecting the survival of C. gigas. It affects the expression of resistance genes and indirectly affects the conditional index of oyster in summer