人工鱼礁建设对海洋浮游植物群落变化的影响

本研究关注了浮游植物群落对人工鱼礁建设后短期内的响应，浮游植物群落特征季节变化及其与环境因子之间的相互关系。基于小黑山岛海域 2013—2016 年 12 个航次的现场调查，共鉴定出 75 种浮游植物，硅藻是该海域最主要的浮游植物类型；研究区域内叶绿素 a 浓度范围为 0.22 ~ 9.46 ug/L，Shannon 多样性指数 （log2） （H''） 范围为 0.76 ~ 3.06，Pielou 均匀度指数 （J''） 范围为 0.28 ~ 0.77。鱼礁建设前后海水环境因子变化较小，且礁区内外差异不显著，鱼礁建设后变化主要有3 点。Pb 和 Hg 浓度有所降低，符合一类海水水质标准的航次及站位增多。于叶绿素 a 浓度、H''和 J''均有所下降，礁区内外叶绿素 a 浓度无明显差别，且礁区的 H''和 J''高于非礁区。盂优势种有一定的变化，但礁区内外无明显差别，具槽直链藻是该海域全年性的优势种。典范对应分析 （CCA） 表明影响站位和各浮游植物在分析图中分布的最主要因素不是人工鱼礁建设而是季节变化。浮游植物群落主要受溶解氧、NO3-N、水温、悬浮物和 As 影响，其中 As 浓度虽然优于国家一类海水水质标准，但仍对浮游植物群落的分布影响显著。

Effect of artificial reefs construction on phytoplankton community

In this paper, the respondence of phytoplankton community to the construction of artificial reefs in short term was investigated. Based on 12 cruises in the sea area of Xiaoheishan Island from 2013 to 2016, a total of 75 species of phytoplankton were identified. Bacillariophyta was the primary phytoplankton in this sea area. The chlorophyll a concentration was from 0.22 to 9.46 ug/L, Shannon index (log2 ) (H'') was from 0.76 to 3.06, and Pielou index (J'') was from 0.28 to 0.77. Seawater environmental factors had minor changes before and after the construction of artificial reefs, and there was no significant difference within and outside the reefs area. Following the construction, Pb and Hg were reduced, making the increase of samples that fitting for the first grade sea water. Chlorophyll a, H'' and J'' were decreased after the reef construction, but there was no significant difference in chlorophyll a concentration within and outside the reefs area, and the H'' and J'' inside the reefs area were higher than those in the outside. The dominant species show minor changes, but no significant difference between the inner and outer reefs area. Melosira sulcata was the dominant specie in this sea area throughout the survey. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) shows that, instead of the construction of artificial reefs, the most important factor affecting the distribution of stations and phytoplankton species is seasonal variations. The phytoplankton community was mainly affected by dissolved oxygen, NO3-N, water temperature, suspended solids and As. Although the concentration of As was well up to the national standards of the first grade of China, the distribution of phytoplankton community was significantly influenced by As.