Trace metal bioaccumulation in the shells of mussels and clams at deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields |
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Authors: | L L Demina S V Galkin O M Dara |
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Institution: | 1.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology,Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | The bioaccumulation of trace metals in the carbonate shells of mussel and clams was investigated at seven hydrothermal vent
fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Menez Gwen, Snake Pit, Rainbow, and Broken Spur) and the Eastern Pacific (9°N and 21°N at
the East Pacific Rise and the southern trough of Guaymas Basin). Mineralogical analysis showed that the carbonate skeletons
of the mytilid mussel Bathymodiolus sp. and the vesicomyid clam Calyptogena m. are composed mainly of calcite and aragonite, respectively. The first data were obtained for the content of a variety of
elements in the bivalve carbonate shells from various hydrothermal vent sites. The analysis of the chemical compositions (including
Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Cr, Co, As, Se, Sb, and Hg) of 35 shell samples and 14 water samples from the mollusk biotopes
revealed the influences of environmental conditions and some biological parameters on the bioaccumulation of metals. Bivalve
shells from hydrothermal fields with black smokers are enriched in Fe and Mn by a factor of 20–30 relative to the same species
from the Menez Gwen low-temperature vent site. It was shown that the essential elements Fe, Mn, Ni, and Cu were more actively
accumulated during the early ontogeny of the shells. The high concentration factors of most metals (n × 102−n × 104) indicate an efficient accumulation function of bivalve carbonate shells. Passive metal accumulation owing to adsorption
on the shell surface was estimated to be no higher than 50% of the total amount, varying from 14% for Fe to 46% for Mn. |
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