Dike swarms and related igneous complexes in the Urals

The dike swarms of the entire Urals are classified for the first time; the related igneous complexes associated with them in space and time are named. The following types and chronological levels of the Uralian dikes are distinguished (proper names are given after type localities). The epicontinental type comprises the Middle Riphean Mashak, Late Riphean Arsha-Serebryanka, Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Kidryasovo-Lemva, Ordovician-Silurian Ushat, Devoninan Inzer-Timaiz (the most extended of all), Early Carboniferous Magnitogorsk-Mugodzhary, and Triassic Borisovo dike swarms. Many of them are probably related to plume events. The existence of the Early Riphean dike complex remains unclear. Oceanic (spreading or suprasubduction) dike-in-dike type: Ordovician Man’ya oceanic type, Devonian Aktogai backarc and Khabarny suprasubduction types. The igneous complexes associated with dike swarms are rather diverse. In addition to rhyolite dikes, in many cases determining the contrasting character of magmatism, large comagmatic gabbro and gabbro-granite intrusions are noted, as well as minor intrusions of subalkali granitoids, syenites, and, apparently, carbonatites and kimberlites. Flood basalt fields are noted at the periphery of the Urals, implying the occurrence of a feeding dike swarm beneath them.