多船旁靠系泊作业关键特性试验研究

旁靠带缆作业是实现海上补给、模块吊运、原油外输等运转的常用方式,针对浮式平台与两艘供应船以旁靠方式作业涉及的关键特征进行水池模型试验研究,阐述了旁靠带缆系统和护舷设备的属性和需遵循的规范衡准,深入分析旁靠系缆的张力、护舷的挤压力、船体之间的相对运动特征随有效波高和波浪入射角度等环境参数的变化规律,确定了适用于多船旁靠作业的海况条件。研究表明:波浪能量随有效波高的增大呈现非线性增大趋势,是影响旁靠作业窗口期的主要外部因素,而波浪入射角度对旁靠作业的影响程度与海况有较大关系;三船在纵荡、横荡以及艏摇方向具有明显的跟随性特点,运动响应的幅值和相位比较接近,浮式平台与供应船之间的相对运动较小,完全可满足作业要求。垂荡、横摇以及纵摇这三个波频方向,各船的运动并不同步,相对运动大,是影响多船旁靠作业窗口期的主要因素;有效波高为2.5 m的海况条件可满足多船旁靠要求。相关结论为实际的工程操作提供参考。

Study on key characteristic of side-by-side mooring operation between multi-vessels

The side-by-side mooring operation is a common method to carry out offshore replenishment, module hoisting and crude oil transportation, etc. An experimental test was carried out to study the key characteristics of side-by-side operation between a floating platform and two supply ships. The properties and criterion to be followed of positioning mooring system, side-by-side mooring system and fender equipment are described. The variation of side-by-side mooring tension, the extrusion pressure of fender, relative motion characteristics between vessels according to environmental parameters such as significant wave height and wave incidence directions are analyzed in detail. The environmental conditions suitable for multi-vessel side-by-side operation are determined. It is indicated that wave energy increases nonlinearly according to the amplitude of significant wave height, and it is the main external factor that affects the window period of side-by-side operation. The influence of wave incidence direction on side-by-side operation is related to the sea conditions. It is also found that vessels in surge, sway and direction of the bow wave have obvious following characteristics that the amplitude and phase of motion response for vessels are very close to each other. The relative movement between floating platform and supply ship is relatively small, which can fully meet the operation requirements. The motion of each vessel in heave, roll and pitch direction is not synchronous, and relative motion between them is large, which is the main factor affecting the window period of multi-ship side-by-side operation. The environmental condition with a significant wave height of 2.5 m can meet the requirement of multiple vessels side-by-side operation. The conclusions can provide reference for actual engineering operation.