The D-CIXS X-ray spectrometer on the SMART-1 mission to the Moon—First results |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BZ, Wales. UK;2. Planets and Space Plasma Group, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK;3. University of Helsinki Observatory, Finland;4. CESR, CNRS/UPS, France;5. IRF, Kiruna, Sweden;6. UCL-Birkbeck, London, UK;7. Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA;8. University of Coimbra, Portugal;9. UPC, Barcelona, Spain;10. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France;11. University of Bern, Swizerland;12. MPAE, Lindau, Germany;13. ESTEC, Netherlands;14. Sheffield University, UK;15. Natural History Museum, UK;p. LASP, Colorado University, USA;q. QMUL, London, UK;r. Queens Armagh University, UK;1. Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1215 W. Dayton St. Madison, WI 53706, USA;2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0102, USA;1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;2. Solid Mechanics Laboratory (UMR CNRS 7649), École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France;3. POems (UMR 7231 CNRS-ENSTA-INRIA), ENSTA, Paris, France;1. Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides (LMS), École polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7649, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France;2. Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA-Lyon, 25 bis avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. Department of Archaeology and Ethnology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan;2. Geological Institute, Siberian Branch (SB), Russian Academy of Sciences (RUS), Ulan-Ude, Russia;3. Geological Institute, RAS, Moscow, Russia;4. Institute of Geology, Ufa Scientific Centre, RAS, Ufa, Russia;5. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Japan;6. Tokoro Research Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Kitami, Japan;7. Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;8. Department of Archaeology and Ethnology, Faculty of History, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia;9. Krasnoyarsk Regional Natural Museum, Krasnoyarsk, Russia |
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| Abstract: | The SMART-1 mission has recently arrived at the Moon. Its payload includes D-CIXS, a compact X-ray spectrometer. SMART-1 is a technology evaluation mission, and D-CIXS is the first of a new generation of planetary X-ray spectrometers. Novel technologies enable new capabilities for measuring the fluorescent yield of a planetary surface or atmosphere which is illuminated by solar X-rays. During the extended SMART-1 cruise phase, observations of the Earth showed strong argon emission, providing a good source for calibration and demonstrating the potential of the technique. At the Moon, our initial observations over Mare Crisium show a first unambiguous remote sensing of calcium in the lunar regolith. Data obtained are broadly consistent with current understanding of mare and highland composition. Ground truth is provided by the returned Luna 20 and 24 sample sets. |
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