山岳旅游地生态服务价值时空分异及其与环境因子关系——以武夷山风景名胜区为例

以山岳型旅游地武夷山风景名胜区为例,估算了风景区景观生态服务价值,分析1986年、1997年、2009年风景区景观生态服务价值时空变化特征,并运用相关分析和逐步回归分析方法对生态服务价值与环境因子的关系进行了探讨,以期揭示风景区景观生态服务价值与环境因子间的作用规律。结果表明:1.武夷山风景名胜区景观类型单位面积生态服务价值最高为水体(9 3707元/(hm2.a)),最低为裸地(354元/(hm2.a)),建设用地价值(12 000元/(hm2.a))仅高于裸地、农田、灌草等景观类型,杉木林、马尾松林、竹林、阔叶林等森林景观服务价值相差不大;2.风景区内景观生态服务价值在1986—1997年间服务价值有较大损失,在1997—2009年间得到一定程度弥补,但1986-2009年间景观生态服务价值变化呈亏损趋势,植被景观类型向建设用地的转变导致景观生态服务价值的降低;3.风景区内景观类型生态服务价值与环境因子(坡向除外)间呈现中等相关性,其中,郁闭度与生态服务价值相关系数最高(0.7**),环境因子中蓄积量与郁闭度相关系数最高(0.86**);4.植被景观生态服务价拟合结果(R2=0.7524,p<0.0001)值优于非植被景观(R2=0.5370,p<0.0001),拟合效果能较好地揭示景观类型生态服务价值与环境因子间的数量关系。

Spatial-temporal Variation of Landscape Service Value and Its Correlation with Ambient Environmental Factors in Mountain Resorts——A Case Study of Wuyishan Scenery District

With human society and economy developing,the matter such as resources over-exploitation,ecosystem degeneration and environmental contamination are becoming worse and worse.Thus,awareness and protection of ecosystem services value which is closely be bound up with human beings survival gain a more and more attention.A change of ambient environmental factors relating to ecosystem will make change of ecosystem structure and function,further affect ecosystem service value.In this context,a study has been made to estimate landscape service value and analyze its spatial-temporal change during the period of 1986 to 2009 in Wuyishan Scenery District.This sub-region has been disturbed most severely in a world cultural and natural heritage site——Wuyi Mountain as compared to its other three sub-regions.Furthermore,method of correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis have been used to give an explanation of the relevance and function rule between service value and environmental factors.The study showed that landscape service value per unit area possessed a maximum in water body(93 707 RMB/(hm2·a)),a minimum in bare land(354 RMB/(hm2·a)),land for construction(12 000 RMB/(hm2·a)) more than bare land,farmland and shrub grassland,and no overmuch variance in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,Pinus massoniana forest,broad leafed fores and Bamboo forest.Greater loss of landscape service value appeared in the period of 1986 to 1997.Although service value achieve a certain degree offset from 1997 to 2009,it remained a deficit trend in the period of 1986 to 2009.This was due to vegetation landscape transform land for construction in that time.Landscape service value had a medium correlation level with environmental factors.Correlation coefficient of canopy density and service value was the maximum(0.7**),and correlation coefficient of canopy density to volume within various environmental factors was the maximum(0.86**).Fitting result to vegetation landscape type service value(R2=0.752 4,p<0.000 1)had a advantages over non-vegetation one(R2=0.537 0,p<0.000 1).Fitting equation was well capable of doing quantitative relation on landscape service value and ambient environmental factors in Wuyishan Scenery District.