南极长城站建立深空测控站的可行性

在深空探测中,测控(跟踪)系统的有效运行是整个探测任务成功完成的重要保证。由于我国测控站都布设在国内,属于局部性分布,影响深空跟踪和测控的连续性和通信质量。本文提出在中国南极长城站建立深空测控站的设想,以当前热点的月球车巡视探测为例,从地-月通信的改善情况、南极长城站建站的地质条件、电磁环境、气候条件、交通运输后勤保障条件等方面分析了建站的可行性。研究表明:①对于国际主流探月国家所选取的月面探测区域月球南极,南极长城测控站的地-月通信受月面地形的影响要小于我国国内测控站,且测控时间与国内测控站可以实现互补,减小由于地球自转的影响;②南极长城站的地质条件、电磁环境和气候条件等适合于测控站的建设和使用;③南极长城站经过了30 a的建设,建站的各方面条件趋于成熟,逐步适合于深空跟踪站的建立。

Feasibility for a Deep Space Monitoring and Controlling Station at the Antarctic Great-Wall Station

In deep space exploration, the effective operation of a monitoring and controlling station is an important guarantee for the entire exploration task. In this paper, the foundation of a deep space monitoring and control station in the Antarctic Great-Wall station is proposed, and its feasibility is analyzed in terms of required improvements to the communication structures, as well as the relevant geological conditions, electromagnetic environment, and climatic conditions. The results show that: ① The lunar south pole is a hot spot for lunar surface detection; the region is analyzed in terms of improvements in communication conditions. The influence on communication conditions from topography between the lunar rover at the lunar South Pole and the Great-Wall tracking station is less than that between the lunar rover at the lunar South Pole and the domestic tracking stations. Also, the observation period is complementary so that the impact of the Earth's rotation on observation stations away from the Moon can be reduced. ② The geological conditions, electromagnetic environment, and climatic conditions are suitable for the construction of monitoring and controlling station in the Antarctic Great-Wall station.③ The conditions of the Antarctic Great-Wall Station are ripe after thirty years of construction.