古高梁河演变及其与古蓟城的关系*

古高梁河对北京城的选址和发展起到了重要作用。以往研究者对古高梁河的名称界定不一致,古河道的年代和规模也比较模糊。借助多年来实地考察的成果,选取古高梁河沿线的典型剖面,用¹⁴C、光释光、热释光等测年方式,结合地貌学、考古学和历史地理学的方法,确定古河道的年代,以此近似地复原古高梁河的演变和分布特征。通过以上分析,得出以下结论: (1)古高梁河的称呼比“三海大河”的称呼更恰当,表达全新世中晚期由石景山经“三海”到亦庄的永定河故道。(2)古高梁河河道发育的年代上限在5000—4000 a BP,下限应在西汉末年至东汉初年。(3)古高梁河规模比古清河和古 水小。(4)古蓟城的选址与古高梁河密切相关,古蓟城选址于古高梁河与古 水故道之间的高地之上,是古高梁河要津上的城池。

Evolution of the Paleo-Gaoliang River and its relationship to ancient Ji City

The Paleo-Gaoliang River played an important role in the location-selection and development of Beijing City. Previous researchers did not come to an agreement on the definition for the name of Paleo-Gaoliang River. It is also rather unclear about the age and size of this river. Based on the field investigation for years and selection of several typical sections on the line of Paleo-Gaoliang River,by the method of ¹⁴C, OSL and thermoluminescence,as well as the method of geomorphology,archaeology and historical geography,the age of the paleochannel would be definite,which would recover the evolution and distribution character of the Paleo-Gaoliang River. Through the above analysis,it comes to the conclusions as follows: (1)It seems that the name of “Paleo-Gaoliang River”may be more suitable than “Sanhai River”,and the name of “Paleo-Gaoliang River” shows the paleochannel of Yongding River which passed Sanhai from Shijingshan to Yizhuang in the Middle-Late Holocene. (2)The upper limit age for the development of this river should be during 4000-5000 a BP, while the lower limit age should be from the end of Western Han Dynasty to the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty. (3)The size of this river is smaller than that of Paleo-Qing River and Paleo-Lei River. (4)Paleo-Gaoliang River influenced the location-selection and relocation of the ancient Ji City,which was built on high ground between the Paleo-Gaoliang River and the Paleo-Lei River. Ancient Ji City located in the important position of Paleo-Gaoliang River.