Damage evaluation and conservation treatment of the tenth century Korean rock-carved Buddha statues |
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Authors: | Chan Hee Lee Young Hoon Jo Jiyoung Kim |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 314-701, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | This study focuses on the lithological characterization, quantitative deterioration assessment and conservation treatment
of the tenth century rock-carved Buddha statues in Korea. The Buddha statues were carved on light gray macrocrystalline biotite
granite, and features microcline phenocrysts and pegmatite patches. The rock-forming minerals are quartz, plagioclase, microcline
and biotite showing micrographic and porphyritic textures. Feldspars and biotite in the host rock have been partly altered
into sericite and chlorite by weathering. The surface of the Buddha statues is remarkably irregular due to granular disintegration
and the differential weathering of the quartz and microcline. In addition, horizontal and vertical cracks in the host rock
have promoted mechanical weathering. Biological colonization of the statues was serious, and featured dark gray and yellowish
green lichen, dark green bryophyte and some plants. The Buddha statues were evaluated as the highly weathered rock by ultrasonic
survey. The lower parts under the influence of water and areas with severely broken surfaces showed a much more advanced weathering
grade. Therefore, scientific conservation treatment was carried out for the long-term maintenance and conservation of the
Buddha statues. After pretests, dry, wet and chemical cleanings were applied to the statues. Next, joining of cracked parts
and surface consolidating were executed. Finally, the site environment was improved by installation of drain and trimming
trees around the statues to ensure more stable long-term conservation. |
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