Early detection of large eruptions at Piton de La Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island): Contribution of a distant tiltmeter station |
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| Authors: | Aline Peltier Patrick Bachèlery Thomas Staudacher |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris et Université Paris Diderot (Sorbonne Paris-Cité), UMR CNRS 7154, Géologie des Systèmes Volcaniques, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05, France;2. Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion, Université de la Réunion, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris et Université Paris Diderot (Sorbonne Paris-Cité), UMR CNRS 7154, Géologie des Systèmes Volcaniques, 15 avenue René Cassin, BP 97715 Saint-Denis cedex 9, La Réunion, France;1. Institut d’Informatica i Aplicacions. Universitat de Girona, Spain;2. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain;3. Diabetes Unit. Endocrinology and Nutrition Dpt. IDIBAPS (Institut d’investigacions biomdiques August Pi I Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain;4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain;1. Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France;2. Institut für Psychologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alexanderstr. 10, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany;1. Center of Integrated Geographic Information Analysis, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China;2. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Guangzhou, 510275, China;3. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;4. Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131, United States;1. University of Ballarat, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;2. Australian Financial Review, GPO Box 506, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia |
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| Abstract: | We report a compilation of data recorded at a distant tiltmeter station (RER) during recent episodes of dyke emplacement and eruption (2003–2007) at Piton de La Fournaise volcano (La Réunion Island). This sensitive station provides useful information for evaluating the extent of deformation. Distinct responses of this station were recorded based on the eruption type. Dykes feeding summit eruptions did not significantly influence the RER tiltmeter signals, whereas dykes feeding large distal eruptions (with vents located more than 4 km from the summit) generated up to 1.4 μrad of tilt, an amplitude 2 to 4 times greater than for proximal eruptions (0.3–0.7 μrad) on the flanks of the summit cone. The distinct tilt amplitude is directly linked to the location, depth, and volume of the dyke. Comparison with summit tiltmeters reveals that up to one-third to half of the RER tilt signal associated to dyke propagation is recorded when the dyke is still below the summit crater. Thus, before large distal eruptions, more than 0.5 μrad of tilt is recorded in less than 20 min when the dyke is below the summit crater (i.e. a few minutes/hours before the beginning of the eruption). We can thus propose for the RER station a threshold value of 0.5 μrad which, when reached as a dyke rises beneath the summit crater, suggests a high likelihood of a large distal eruption. The distant RER tiltmeter station thus appears to be a powerful tool for forecasting the type of eruption that is likely to occur, and can contribute to the early detection of large distal eruptions at Piton de La Fournaise, which are the most dangerous to inhabitants. For volcano monitoring, installation of high precision distant tiltmeters along the lower slopes of a volcano may provide warnings of large eruptions with enough lead time to allow for short-term hazards mitigation efforts. |
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