How “African” was the early human dispersal out of Africa? |
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| Authors: | Jordi Agustí David Lordkipanidze |
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| Institution: | 1. ICREA, Institut de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Plaça Imperial Tarraco 1, E-43005 Tarragona, Spain;2. Georgian National Museum, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia;1. Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1224, USA;2. Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-6040, USA;1. Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine (IPH), UMR 7194, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France;2. IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Calle Covarrubias 36, 28010, Madrid, Spain;3. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain;4. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Àrea de Prehistòria, Tarragona, Spain;5. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;6. Unit Associated with CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiologia, Museo Nacional d Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain;7. ICREA, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Anthropology, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke St. West., Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada;2. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;3. Département d''anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada;1. Guangxi Museum of Nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China;2. Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai''i at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, 346 Saunders Hall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;3. Nanning Museum, Nanning, Guangxi 530012, China;4. Department of Cultural Relics Management, Youjiang District, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China;5. Tiandong Museum, Tiandong, Guangxi 531500, China;6. Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530012, China;1. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Antropologia, 80060-150 Curitiba, PR, Brazil;3. Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, 00197 Roma, Italy;4. Oregon State University, Argon Geochronology Laboratory, 97331-5503 Corvallis, OR, USA;5. Goethe-University, Frankfurt Isotope & Element Research Center (FIERCE), 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;6. Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, 05508-070 São Paulo, Brazil;7. Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Estudos Avançados, 05508-050 São Paulo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In this paper we review a number of scenarios which have been proposed to explain the first hominin “out of Africa” at the base of the Pleistocene. These are the brain expansion scenario, the cultural exclusion scenario, the migratory wave scenario and the common African home scenario. These scenarios are checked against the current evidence provided by the Georgian site of Dmanisi, which contains the oldest Eurasian hominins. Therefore, it is concluded that none of these scenarios fits with the existing evidence, and that the only real African influence in Dmanisi is restricted to early Homo itself. In order to explain the presence of early Homo at Dmanisi, it is concluded that the expansion out of Africa should have happened before the actual datum of Dmanisi, most probably linked to the spread of Mode 1 tools in Africa. |
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