地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念与实践——以新疆温宿地质公园的标志碑设计为例

地质公园已经成为重要的旅游资源,其景观设计已经成为理论研究和实践应用的重要课题。为区别于地质公园中的地质和植物等自然景观,将地质公园中的所有人工景观统称为硬质景观。硬质景观作为连接旅游者与所在地域环境的重要纽带,是地质公园景观体系的重要组成部分,是地域特色、地域形象的载体和地域文化的传播媒介。针对目前我国地质公园硬质景观建设中忽视地域特色差异性,呈现出千篇一律、生搬硬套的问题,借鉴《园冶》景观设计的“境域联想、融题于形、物为人用”等理念,从地域性影响要素、地域性设计理念和硬质景观载体解构三个方面,构建了地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念框架。地质公园所在地域的地脉、文脉和技术环境通过科普内容、景观符号以及以人为本等方式融入到硬质景观的设计中,并以硬质景观载体展现出来。地脉确立硬质景观的科学性,决定着硬质景观的科普内涵;文脉则通过符号化的要素传递历史文化内涵;技术环境从技术手段上凸显不同地理环境下的人性关怀。地质公园硬质景观的地域性美学表达载体是抽象与具象的统一,更是多维度的表现形式。通过对地质公园硬质景观的解构提炼出“尺度、色彩、质感”三种载体,以彰显地域性差异,杜绝在区域差异很大的公园之内,出现外形、色彩、质地基本一样的景观形态,强化了公园建设的独特性与价值体验。以新疆温宿地质公园的界碑牌示系统设计为实证,展示了地质公园硬质景观设计的地域性理念的应用价值,为地质公园硬质景观特色化设计打开了一扇窗口。

Principles and practices of local hard landscape designing in geopark: a case of mark monument designing in Wensu geopark,XinJiang

Geoparks have become a very important kind of tourist attractions. Geopark’s landscape designing has attracted more and more attentions from both theoretical researchers and practitioners. Geopark landscapes are composed of natural landscapes and artificial landscapes. Artificial landscapes in geopark are also named hard landscapes. Hard landscape, as a significant part of the geopark landscape system, is a vital information media between tourists and local spirits, and is the carrier of local features, images and cultures. At present, a serious problem of ignoring local uniqueness appears in geopark hard landscape design practice in China. This paper, based on the principles, such as situation imagination, themed design and practical function, from an ancient famous book, The Craft of Gardens, puts forward a concept framework of geopark hard landscape designing, based on special locality. The design framework consists of three aspects, namely local factors, local design principles, and elements of hard landscape. Local characteristics, as geographical backgrounds, cultural traditions and technological conditions are all integrated into hard landscape design of geopark, by way of scientific interpretation, scenic sign and user-oriented system. Special local characteristics are virtually exhibited by the designed hard landscape. Geographical backgrounds are the scientific bases, cultural traditions are the creative source, and technological conditions are the keys ofhuman caring human caring. Geopark’s hard landscape, as the carrier of esthetical expression of locality, should be expressed abstractly, concretely, and multi-dimensionally. According to the analyses of the hard landscape in geopark, scale, color and texture are the most important elements of hard landscape design .This gives us an assistance to avoid landscape with generally the similar shape, color and texture in geoparks characterized by distinct regional features, thereby strengthening the uniqueness and value experience during the process of park-design. Taking mark monument design in Wensu geopark in Xinjiang as a case, this paper shows the concept of locality and its application value in hard landscape design for geopark. This creates a new horizon for the idiographic design of hard landscape in geopark.