中国东部沿海城市旅游发展的时空演变

城市旅游时空演变是旅游地理学研究的热点领域。以中国东部沿海城市为研究区,分析城市旅游发展的时空演变格局。首先分析沿海城市旅游发展强度的时空演变,进而采用DEA数据包络分析法计算沿海城市旅游发展效率的时空演变。研究表明：① 在旅游发展强度方面,东部沿海城市之间的旅游发展强度差异较大,长三角、珠三角以及环渤海的辽东半岛和山东半岛地区的旅游发展强度较强,海峡西岸经济区和环北部湾地区的旅游发展强度较弱。② 10年间在旅游发展综合效率方面基本维持不变,而旅游发展纯技术效率显著增强,旅游发展的规模效率则显著减弱。说明沿海城市的旅游发展已经逐渐由规模效率向技术效率转变。③ 综合旅游发展强度和旅游发展效率两个方面看,将东部沿海城市旅游发展类型分为“高—有效型”、“低—有效型”、“高—无效型”和“低—无效型”四种类型。其中“高—有效型”城市旅游发展较为成熟,“低—有效型”和“高—无效型”城市旅游发展一般,“低—无效”城市旅游发展相对较差。整体来看,珠三角和海峡西岸地区旅游发展强度和旅游发展效率均出现一定程度下滑,长三角、环渤海和北部湾地区的旅游发展强度和旅游发展效率均呈现不同程度增加。

Study on the spatio-temporal evolution of coastal city tourism of China

The study on the regional tourism development patterns has become a hotspot in the field of tourism geographies. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have mainly focused on the tourism strength, tourism development efficiency, tourism competitiveness, tourism development spatial difference, tourism development spatial patterns and etc. The spatio-temporal evolution of city tourism is the hot-spot of tourism geographies research. This article, choosing China's eastern coastal cities as the research objective, analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution patterns of tourism development. First, it comes to the analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution of coastal city tourism development strength, and then it analyses the spatio-temporal evolution of coastal city tourism development efficiency by DEA data envelopment method.Results show that in the aspect of tourism development strength, there is great difference among the eastern coastal cities. The tourism development strength in the cities of Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula in Bohai Economic Circle is strong, but that on the west side of the Straits Economic Zone and Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is weak. During the ten years, the comprehensive efficiency of tourism development basically maintained unchanged; however, the pure technical efficiency is remarkably enhanced, and the scale efficiency is reduced significantly, which indicates that the development of the coastal city tourism has gradually changed from scale efficiency to technical efficiency. Moreover, through the data analysis of the years of 2002, 2006 and 2011, it is found that as time goes by, the polarization efficiency of tourism development comprehensive efficiency has also increased.