缅老泰交界地区刀耕火种农业的时空变化格局

刀耕火种农业深刻影响着东南亚地区的土地利用/土地覆被变化。研究刀耕火种农业的空间变化及其影响因素,对科学理解东南亚地区土地利用/土地覆被变化、农民生活方式变化和维持生态系统服务有重要作用。以缅老泰交界地区为研究区,运用遥感手段提取1996年、2000年、2003年和2011年四个时期刀耕火种农业的空间分布信息,并运用GeoDA空间自相关分析方法和GIS空间分析技术,分析了不同时间段刀耕火种农业的时空变化格局、刀耕火种农业面积和破碎化程度的空间自相关性,并对不同国家境内时空变化差异的原因进行了探讨。研究表明:① 缅老泰交界地区刀耕火种农业面积经历了一个小幅增加—小幅减少—大幅增加的变化过程,总体上净增加;其中,泰国清莱府分布最多,老挝波乔省增幅最大,缅甸大其力县净减少。② 缅老泰交界区刀耕火种农业斑块面积、破碎化程度空间分布均具有正相关性,刀耕火种农业面积的空间正相关性总体上有所提高,而破碎化程度的空间正相关性总体上略有降低。③ 轮歇周期、社会经济发展水平可能是不同国家境内刀耕火种农业空间变化差异的主要原因。

The spatio-temporal variation of shifting cultivation in the border region of Myanmar,Laos and Thailand

Shifting cultivation has profound impact on land use and land cover change in Southeast Asia. Exploring the spatial distribution and variation rules and its influencing factors plays an important role in scientifically understanding LUCC, farmers' livelihood transition and maintaining ecosystem services. This paper uses remote sensing techniques to extract the spatial distribution of shifting cultivation in the border area of Myanmar, Laos and Thailand in the four years of 1996, 2000, 2003 and 2010, and uses GeoDA spatial autocorrelation analysis method and GIS spatial analysis technique to analyse spatial variation pattern, spatial autocorrelation of area and fragmentation of slash and burn agriculture, then further explores the difference of spatial variation in different countries. Results show that: the acreage of shifting cultivation in the border area of Myanmar, Laos and Thailand has experienced a process from slight increase to slight decrease and lastly substantially increased from 1996 to 2011. Both of the patch area and fragmentation of shifting cultivation has significant spatial autocorrelation. Swidden cycle and socio-economic factors may be the main reasons for the differences of spatial variation of slash and burn agriculture in different countries.