贫困县村级居民点空间分布离散度与农村居民纯收入关联格局分析

在城市群离散度度量方法的基础上,构建村级居民点空间分布离散度评价模型,采用GIS网络分析、叠加分析和统计分析,对研究区288个行政村进行居民点空间分布离散度评价,并与反映村级经济发展的重要指标——农村居民纯收入进行关联分析,在全县、不同地貌与不同经济圈层条件下,分别分析离散度综合指数(DCI)与经济发展的关联格局关系。结果表明：研究区居民点的离散度从城关镇到外围呈聚集—离散分布,具体表现为城关镇及其他乡镇政府所在地（即经济中心）的DCI较小,外围等非经济中心部分及山区DCI较大;DCI不仅随农村居民纯收入的增大而减小,还受其周围值的影响;山地条件下DCI与农村居民纯收入的负相关关系较丘陵及平原地区明显;经济圈的辐射作用对DCI与农村居民纯收入的影响很大。因此需要系统整治规划农村居民点,并可通过增设经济中心等方式,提高农村居民的经济发展水平,从而降低居民点的空间分布离散度,进而改善居民点的空间分布格局,巩固扶贫开发成效。

Discrete degree on village settlement's spatial distribution and its correlation with net income of rural residents in poverty county

A reasonable rural settlement's layout for administrative villages contributes not only to education poverty and health povertyalleviation, but also to help the government make scientific decisions for rural infrastructure construction. However, at present there exist some problems on village settlement distribution, especially in the poverty-stricken counties, such as the large amount but the small scale, unordered and scattered settlement layout, the imperfect infrastructure and so on. In the previous research, almost all the calculation principles on the rural resident's space distribution were based on the Euclidean distance, however, the Euclidean distance can not reflect the influence of topography on the residential spatial distribution pattern, while the road is the main way to connect the settlements, and the road length among the settlements is the true reflection of distance. At present, there are some blanks on taking the road network connectivity distance as a measurement to evaluate the village settlement's spatial dispersion in poverty-stricken areas, and as well as on the correlation with economic development. So taking Neixiang county as a study area, which is one of state-level poverty-stricken counties from the Qinling-Da mountains in China, this paper focuses on the specific distribution of rural residential areas and its correlation with the net income of rural residents. Based on the road network connectivity and dispersion composite index (DCI), this paper builds a discrete degree evaluation model, consisting of three inner indicators and three outer ones, and then uses GIS network analysis, overlay analysis and statistical analysis to evaluate the discrete degree of residential space distribution on 288 administrative villages from Neixiang county. Furthermore, respectively at the county scale, different geomorphic scales and different economic circles scales, the correlation analysis between the DCI and the net income of rural residents which reflects the economic development level of village, is done to reveal the relevant relationship between economic development and spatial distribution for village settlements. Results indicate that: as the dispersion degree of village residents; spatial distribution is concerned, there exists an aggregated-discrete distribution from town center to peripheral area, and specially, there is the smallest DCI value around Chengguan town, and the highest DCI values near the north, northwest and southwest mountains of the county; DCI reduces not only with the increase of net income of rural residents, but also with the influence of the DCI values of the surrounding villages; in the mountain conditions, the negative correlation between DCI and net income of rural residents is obviously stronger than that in the hilly and plain areas; the radiation effect of economic circle has great influences on both DCI and the net income of rural residents. The above conclusion has an important significance for the government's regulation planning of rural residents in poor areas, specially, when the governments plan rural residents for poverty alleviation in poor areas they have to deal with the problems systematically, so that they can improve the economic development levels of rural residents by adding economic centers, while reducing the discrete degrees of the resident settlements.