面向重大公共卫生事件的位置服务技术——以COVID-19疫情为例

2020年初暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情给全球人民生命安全和经济发展带来了严重影响。位置服务以庞大的地理空间信息数据库为依托,能向服务对象提供与地理信息相关的便捷、实时、精准的综合性服务,可很好地运用于紧急救灾、大流量人员追踪、复杂环境下的现场人员管控等事件中。事实证明,位置服务的优势特性在2020年春中国COVID-19疫情防控中起到了非常重要的作用。从北斗车联网平台、基于泛在定位的基础服务、时空大数据分析与疫情防控、智能导航机器人参与抗疫等多个方面阐述了中国COVID-19疫情下的位置服务应用。通过对这些应用及技术手段的分析总结,深化位置服务技术的内涵,可以为今后重大公共卫生事件的应急处置提供解决方案。

Location-Based Service Technologies for Major Public Health Events:Illustrated by the Cases of COVID-19 Epidemic

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in early 2020 has caused a serious impact on the safety of people’s lives and economic development around the world. Based on a huge geospatial information database, location-based service can provide convenient, real-time, accurate, and comprehensive services related to geographic information to service objects. Therefore, location services can be well used in events such as emergency disaster relief, large-volume personnel tracking, and site personnel management and control in complex environments. Facts have proved that the advantages of location-based services have played an irreplaceable role in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020. We elaborate on China’ s application of location-based services for COVID-19 from multiple aspects such as BeiDou-based vehicle ad-hoc network, basic services based on ubiquitous positioning for epidemic prevention and control, and intelligent navigation robots participating in fight against the epidemic. Through the analysis and summary of these applications and their technical methods, we can deepen the connotation of location-based service technologies. At the same time, we can provide solutions for the emergency response to major public health events in the future.