海洋动物行为控制技术分析及应用

以海豚、海狮、鲸等为代表的海洋动物具有发达的大脑,具备天生的潜水和超声波定位等卓越本领。利用海洋动物的这些特性及通过训练养成的反射动作，可以完成人类或水下航行器无法完成或难以完成的任务。海洋动物行为控制技术则是实现.上述功能的关键。通过对国外海洋动物部队及海洋动物行为控制技术的研究,从运动行为、条件反射和神经类型等方面分析了海洋动物行为控制技术的基本机理。在此基础上,分析了操作性条件反射和人工电刺激等两种主要的行为控制方法,提出了海洋动物行为控制技术的未来可能应用方向。研究表明,以正强化为主导的操作性条件反射方法在各国海洋动物控制实践中占据主要地位,而人工电刺激方法的研究则稍显迟滞且成功的应用实例较少。可以预见,海洋动物行为控制技术在未来的海洋争夺中必将发挥越来越重要的作用。

Analysis and Application of Marine Animal Behavior Control Technology

Marine animals represented by dolphins , whales, and sea lions have well- -developed brains, and have natural out-standing abilities such as diving and ultrasonic positioning, etc. Making use of these characteristics and the reflection action formedby training of manne animals, missions which can not be done to complete by human being or underwater vehicles or difficult are a-ble to be accomplished. The marine animal behavior control technology is the key point to realize the above functions. Based on thestudy of marine animal force and marine animal behavior control technology of foreign countries, the basic mechanism of marine an-imal behavior control technology is analyzed from the motion behavior , conditioned reflex, nervous type, etc. Then, two main be-havior control methods which named operant conditioning and artificial electrical stimulation are analyzed, and the possible futureapplication directions of the marine animal behavior control technology are presented. It is indicated that operant conditioning methodwith positive reinforcement as the dominant occupies the primary position in the practice of marine animal behavior control, whilethe research of artificial electrical stimulation method is lagging behind slightly with few example of successful application. It is pre-dictable that marine animal behavior control technology will play a more and more important role in the future sea battle.