西藏色齐拉山地区立体气候特征初步分析

利用西藏色齐拉山地区不同海拔高度的8个自动站和3个实测气象站1年的近地面观测资料,分析了该地区气温、地温、降水量、湿度和风速等气象要素的季节变化特征,探讨了东、西坡局地气候特征差异形成的原因。结果表明:色齐拉山地区1月为最冷月、7月为最暖月;月平均最高气温、最低气温与平均气温的季节变化一致。气温日较差大年较差小。年平均气温直减率东、西坡分别为0.54℃/100m和0.73℃/100m,西坡大于东坡。地气温差冬季西坡大于东坡,夏季东坡大于西坡。年、月平均地温直减率西坡仍大于东坡;东坡除夏季7、8月份外,地温直减率小于气温直减率;西坡除冬季(12月和1月),地温直减率大于气温直减率。降水量东坡比西坡多,海拔2500m以上地区4~10月降水总量随着海拔高度的升高呈增加趋势,增加率为20.9mm/100m。空气相对湿度冬季低夏季高,年变化呈单峰型。东、西坡冬季风速较强夏季相对较弱,初春风速最大。东、西坡气候差异与海拔高度、坡向、下垫面性质有关。

Analysis of Stereoscopic Climate Features on Mt. Seqilha, Tibet

By using one year surface observational data of 8 automatic and 3 artificial weather stations of different altitude in eastern and western slope of Mt.Seqilha over Tibet, the seasonal climatic features of air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation, humidity and wind speed have been analyzed.The reason of local climate difference between eastern and western slope of Mt.Seqilha have been discussed.The results show that:the coldest month is January and the warmest month is July in Mt.Seqilha.The seasonal change of daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily mean temperature is consistent.The daily range of air temperature is large, but annual range is small.The lapse rate of annual mean temperature of eastern slope is smaller than that of western slope, which is 0.54℃/100m and 0.73℃/100m in eastern and western slope.The temperature difference between surface and air of western slope is larger than that of eastern slope in winter, but it's reverse in summer.The lapse rate of annual and monthly mean soil temperature of eastern slope is smaller than that of western slope too.The lapse rate of soil temperature of eastern slope is smaller than that of air temperature except July and August.But the lapse rate of soil temperature of western slope is larger than that of air temperature except December and January.The precipitation of eastern slope is more than that of western slope.The precipitation has an ascending trend with the more altitude on top of 2500m.when the altitude increases 100m, the precipitation increases 20.9mm.The air humidity is low in winter and high in summer, whose annual change is unmoral distribution.The wind speed of eastern and western slope in winter is both weaker than in summer, which is largest in early spring.The climatic differences between eastern and western slope is in relation to altitude, slope way and underlying surface property.