南中国海及泰国湾渔业资源过度利用现状及保护对策

南中国海及泰国湾具有丰富的浅海和热带的生物多样性,支持着一个世界重要的渔场,同时南中国海及泰国湾周边的国家还是目前亚洲太平洋地区工业化和经济快速增长的中心,关系着东南亚及相邻地区的政治和经济的稳定.过去对渔业资源的过度开发利用,造成了该海区渔业资源减少,海岸环境退化严重.虽然南中国海及泰国湾周边国家过去都实施了相应的海洋环境保护行动计划,然而缺乏区域协调措施大大降低了这些行动的有效性.文中对南中国海及泰国湾渔业资源过度利用现状进行了诊断分析,识别了渔业资源过度利用造成的环境问题以及这些环境问题的跨境影响,

Countermeasures against the Overexploitation of Fishery Resources in South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand

The South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand are an area,which is rich in marine shallow-water resources and possesses tropical biodiversity,supporting a significant world fishery.Its circumjacent nations are currently a strategic body of the helm of industrialization and rapid economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region.The development of those nations has relations to the political and economic stability of Southeast Asia and the adjacent areas.The overexploitation of the fishery resources has resulted in serious degradation of the resources and the coast environment.Although those countries have implemented corresponding marine environmental protection plans,the lack of regional coordination measures significantly reduced the effectiveness of the actions.In this paper the situation of overexploitation of fishery resources in the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand is analyzed,and the environmental problems and their cross-border effects are recognized.For solution of those problems,some countermeasures are suggested: to establish a strategic action plan of the South China Sea,to strengthen the research of fishery responsibility and fishery trade,to intensify the investigation of the fishery resources and the fishery management,to control the pollution,to enhance public awareness,to encourage the community participation,and to promote the cooperation and coordination among the countries around the Sea and the Gulf.