Calculation of the Cherenkov light yield from electromagnetic cascades in ice with Geant4 |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Advanced Radiological Sciences, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Kangwon, Korea;3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-0053, Japan;2. Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;3. TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 2A3;4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z1;7. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan;8. Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow 117312, Russia;9. Physics Department, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA;10. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima 171-8501, Japan;11. Department of Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 5A2;12. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan;13. Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;14. Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan;1. Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;2. Institute for Space Research and Technology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bl. 1 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;3. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Oulu unit), University of Oulu, Finland;1. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;2. School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China |
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| Abstract: | In this work we investigate and parameterize the amount and angular distribution of Cherenkov photons which are generated by electro-magnetic cascades in water or ice. We simulate electromagnetic cascades with Geant4 for primary electrons, positrons and photons with energies ranging from 1 GeV to 10 TeV. We parameterize the total Cherenkov-light yield as a function of energy, the longitudinal evolution of the Cherenkov emission along the cascade-axis and the angular distribution of photons. Furthermore, we investigate the fluctuations of the total light yield, the fluctuations in azimuth and changes of the emission with increasing age of the cascade. |
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